Quiz 1 Flashcards
How do copepods avoid predation in turbulent waters
Through rapid swimming and detection of water movement
An instance where environmental factors influence reproductive success in marine animals?
Timing of gamete release with lunar cycles
When an organism is exposed to toxic metals, what is the typical biochemical response observed within hours?
Increase in metallothionein concentration
What factor can shift the geographic range of marine species as sea-surface temperatures increase due to climate change
High-temperature stress
What term describes the difference between energy intake and the cost of metabolism in an animal?
Scope of growth
What is the impact of climate change on the distribution of intertidal species as seen in recent decades
Increase in southern species and decline in northern species
What is the challenge for marine species living in polar waters
Freezing conditions and the formation of ice
Why is acclimation important for mussels collected in different seasons when transferred to new temperatures
It allows physiological adjustment to new temperature ranges
How do marine viruses affect plankton communities
By infecting lysing phytoplankton, recycling nutrients
What is a common consequence of harmful algal blooms caused by dinoflagellates
Depletion of oxygen and release of toxins
What is the most common nonsexual reproduction in multicellular marine organisms like corals?
Fragmentation
Which strategy increases the likelihood of sperm and egg encounter in free-spawning species
High population density
What cellular adaptation allows marine organisms to survive in near-freezing waters?
Production of antifreeze-glycoproteins
What reproductive strategy is used by organisms like Atlantic salmon to maximize offspring survival
Semalparity
Which of the following is true about diatoms
They have silica-based cell walls and are a major group of phytoplankton
What term describes the point at which a marine animal’s metabolic rate is just sufficient to maintain its basic functions without growth or reproduction?
Maintenance metabolism
What factor often triggers mass spawning events in marine environments
Lunar or tidal cycles
What factor is most important for determining the location of spawning grounds in migratory species
Favorable conditions of larval development
Which is a typical feeding strategy of larvaceans
Filter feeding using cilia
Which group of plankton is responsible for harmful algal blooms
Dinoflagellates
What is the primary reason why marine homeotherms lose heat rapidly to the environment
Their body temperature is higher than surrounding waters
How does mixotrophic plankton obtain energy?
By photosynthesis and phagocytosis
What factor is most likely to cause interspecific hybridization in free-spawning species?
How do hermaphroditic barnacles ensure successful reproduction despite their sessile lifestyle
By using long penises to reach nearby individuals
How do gelatinous zooplankton such as siphonophores maintain buoyancy and move through the water?
By using air-filled sacs and muscular contractions
Which of the following best explains why free-spawning organisms often synchronize their spawning
To maximize fertilization success
How does dwarf male in certain barnacle species maximize their reproductive success?
By attaching to females and living parasitically
What is the primary role of heat-shock proteins in marine organisms
They protect proteins from denaturation under high temperatures
What is the characteristics of gelatinous zooplankton, such as comb jellies
They propel themselves with cilia
What is a common adaptation of deep-sea plankton to a low-light environment
Increase bioluminescence
