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Building Systems > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS IN BUILDINGS

Provide:

A

● Better lighting
● Comfortable space temperature,
Humidity,
And air quality
● Convenient power and communication capability
● High-quality sanitation
● Reliable systems for the protection of life and property

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2
Q

Mechanical systems

A

HVAC:
Heating
Ventilation
Air Conditioning

Site Utilities:
Water supply
Storm water drainage
Sanitary disposal
Gas supply

Plumbing:
Water distribution
Water treatment
Sanitary facilities

Fire Protection:
Water supply
Standpipe
Fire and smoke detection
Annunciation

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3
Q

Electrical Systems

A

Electrical power:
Normal
Standby
Emergency power supply and distribution

Lightning:
Interior
Exterior
Emergency lighting

Auxiliary:
Telephone
Data, audio/video, sound
Security systems

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4
Q

Building Operations Systems

A

Transportation:
Elevators
Escalators
Moving walkways

Processing:
Products
Food service

Automation:
Environmental controls
Management

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5
Q

Green Building or Sustainable Building

A

Designed to lessen the overall impact of a building on the environment and human health during its life cycle (design, built, operated, renovated, reused, demolished)

This will be obtained by
* efficiently using resources (energy, materials, and water)
* enhancing occupant health
* enhancing employee productivity
* eliminating or reducing waste and pollution

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6
Q

Sustainability:

A

Our ability to meet current needs without harming the environmental, economic, and societal systems on which future generations will rely for meeting their needs. It simply means using resources wisely.

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7
Q

A Green Building is designed to meet specific goals:

A
  • Protecting occupant health
  • Improving employee productivity
  • Using energy, water, and other resources efficiently
  • Reducing the overall impact to the environment
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8
Q

Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED)

A

LEED is a rating system for developing high-performance, sustainable buildings

LEED provides a complete framework for assessing building performance and
meeting sustainability goals

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9
Q

The LEED rating system addresses six major areas as follows:

A
  • Sustainable sites (up to 14 points)
  • Water efficiency (up to 5 points)
  • Energy and atmosphere (up to 17 points)
  • Materials and resources (up to 13 points)
  • Indoor environmental quality (up to 15 points)
  • Innovation and design process (up to 5 points)
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10
Q

LEED Professional Credentials

A
  1. LEED Green Associate
  2. LEED Accredited Professional (AP)
  3. LEED Fellow
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11
Q

Plumbing Code specifies: the design and installation of sanitary facilities and the piping systems.

The code specifies the minimum requirements for

A
  1. Drainage systems for water-born wastes and storm water for buildings to the point of connection with the public services
  2. Venting systems
  3. Water service pipes
  4. Water distribution systems ( i.e. number of plumbing fixtures for each building, the specifics of piping connections)
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12
Q

Plumbing Construction Drawings

A

Plumbing construction drawings must show the layout and design of a plumbing installation. They must include:

  1. Water supply and distribution plan showing piping sizes, valves, water heater
    details, and temperature-pressure relief valves with discharge pipe.
  2. Potable water system riser diagram showing piping sizes and provisions for
    protection of potable water supply.
  3. Plumbing piping plan showing layout, pitch of drainage lines, cleanouts, size of traps, and riser diagram.
  4. Sanitary drainage and vent system riser diagram showing drainage fixture
    units (DFU), sizes, and vent termination details through the roof.
  5. Piping support and installation schedule.
  6. Storm drainage details including rain gutter or roof drain sizes and
    downspout/leader sizes.
  7. Other special details (e.g., health care fixtures)
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13
Q

Specifications should contain piping and material fixture specifications including:

A
  1. The occupant load used to determine the number of required plumbing fixtures.
  2. Number and distribution based on the use group.
  3. Separate facilities for each gender.
  4. Accessible plumbing facilities and details.
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14
Q

There are two categories of water pipes:

A

Pressure pipes: Strong to hold continuous pressure
Small diameter
Copper is the most common material

DWV pipes: Thinner walls than pressure pipes
Larger in size than pressure pipes to allow for free gravity flow
Plastic and cast iron are the most common material

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15
Q

Piping Materials

A
  • Copper
  • Brass
  • Steel and iron
  • Thermoplastic (Plastic)
  • Composite
  • Clay and Concrete
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16
Q

Copper

A

Copper: is the most commonly used piping material:
water supply, heating systems, air conditioning, refrigeration system,
sanitary drainage, natural gas, liquid petroleum gas.
It has

Physical strength
Durability
Resistance to corrosion
Low friction

17
Q

Brass

A

Red Brass Pipe: it consists of approximately 85% copper and 15% zinc.
It was used as water supply piping.
High installation cost.
It has limited use in new construction.

18
Q

Steel and Iron Pipe:
* Black pipe
* Galvanized steel pipe
* Lightweight wrought-iron pipe
* Cast iron pipe
* Stainless steel

A

Black pipe: steel pipe with black oxide scale form on its surface.
It is commonly used for natural gas supply lines, and fire suppression sprinkler system lines.

Galvanized steel pipe: it is covered with a protective coating of zinc to reduce the corrosion. It is not extensively in water supply systems.

Lightweight wrought-iron pipe: It is also galvanized to increase the corrosion
resistance. It is commonly used for water supply and fire suppression sprinkler
systems.

Cast iron pipe: It is commonly used for drain/sewer systems

Stainless steel: is used in lieu of copper when the water and air contain high
concentration of sulfur.

19
Q

Thermoplastic (Plastic):

A

Thermoplastic (Plastic): is used more and more for water distribution since it has
● Low cost
● Corrosion resistance

20
Q

Composite Pipe

A

Composite Pipe: It is an aluminum tube laminated between two layers of polyethylene thermoplastic.

It is used in cold water and compressed air applications.

21
Q

Clay and Concrete

A

Clay and Concrete Pipe: They are used for sewage, industrial waste, storm water, and drain field applications.

They are not commonly used in building plumbing systems.

22
Q

Fittings

A

Fittings: are used to connect pipe lengths and make all the pipe turns, branch lines, couplings that join the straight runs, and stops at the end of the runs.

  • Elbows
  • Tees
  • Couplings
  • Adapters
23
Q

Valves

A

Valves: are used to control flow of the water throughout the system.
They are fall into four categories:

  • Gate valves
  • Globe valves
  • Check valves
  • Angle valves
24
Q

Gate Valve

A

Gate Valve: It is used to shut off the flow of water.
It is not used to regulate flow of water.
There is very little water pressure lost to friction.

25
Q

Globe Valve

A

Globe Valve: It is used to regulate flow of water (lavatories and hose connections). Higher friction loss compared with a gate valve.

26
Q

Angle Valve

A

Angle Valve: It is commonly used for outside hose bibs.
It has a much higher friction loss than the gate valve and about
half the friction loss of the globe valve.

27
Q

Check Valve

A

Check Valve: It opens to allow the flow of water in the direction desired and
prevents flow in the other direction.

28
Q

Metered Valve

A

Metered Valves: are designed to automatically discharge a fixed quantity of water for a specific length of time.

They operate by pushing down or against the valve handle.
They are used on lavatories in transportation terminals,
restaurants, and convections halls.

29
Q

Flushometer Valve

A

Flushometer Valve: is a metered valve that discharges a predetermined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes and is closed by direct water pressures (e.g. water closets).

30
Q

Thermostatic Valve

A

Thermostatic Valve (tempering valve or mixing valve): is an automatic valve that thermostatically blends hot and cold water to desired temperatures.

31
Q

Temperature-Pressure Relief Valve:

A

Temperature-Pressure Relief Valve: is a safety valve.
It remains closed at normal operating pressures and opens to release excessive pressure.
They are used as a safety feature on water heaters and boilers.

32
Q

Pressure Reducing Valve:

A

Pressure Reducing Valve: is an adjustable valve designed to reduce pressure to a specific setting.These valves are used to reduce the street water
pressure before being sent to plumbing fixtures.

33
Q

Hose Bibb (Sill cock)

A

Hose Bibb (Sill cock): is a valve designed to accept the threaded connection of a hose.

34
Q

Plumbing Fixtures

A
  • Water closets (WC)
  • Sinks (SK)
  • Bidets (BD)
  • Urinals (UR)
  • Bathtubs (BT)
  • Service sinks (SS)
  • Kitchen sinks (KS)
  • Lavatories (LAV or LV)
  • Showers (SH)
  • Drinking fountains (DF)
35
Q

Planning Plumbing Facilities

A

Single and multiple dwelling units and apartments must have one water closet,
one lavatory, and one bathtub or shower per dwelling or apartment unit.

Building Systems (6 decks)

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