quiz 1 Flashcards
Which of the following statements is TRUE for memory (aka secondary response) to infection?
Question 1 Answer
a.
It occurs more quickly compared to the primary response.
b.
It is qualitatively different from the primary response.
c.
All of these statements are true.
d.
It increases in magnitude compared to the primary response.
c.
All of these statements are true.
Choose the FALSE statement below:
Question 2 Answer
a.
Differentiated effector cells that are produced from the division of an activated lymphocyte - the parental cell - will bear receptors with a different specificity from that of the parental cell.
b.
Lymphocytes bearing receptors specific for ubiquitous self-molecules can be deleted at an early stage in lymphoid cell development
c.
Interaction between a foreign molecule and a lymphocyte receptor capable of binding that molecule with high affinity leads to lymphocyte activation
d.
Each lymphocyte bears a single type of receptor with a unique specificity
a.
Differentiated effector cells that are produced from the division of an activated lymphocyte - the parental cell - will bear receptors with a different specificity from that of the parental cell.
Which of the following statements is correct with regards to immunological tolerance?
Question 3 Answer
a.
It is the result of immune responsiveness to self-antigens
b.
It is the result of immune responsiveness to foreign antigens
c.
It is the result of immunological unresponsiveness to self antigens
d.
It is the result of immunological unresponsiveness to foreign antigens
c.
It is the result of immunological unresponsiveness to self antigens
Choose the TRUE statement regarding neutrophils:
Question 4 Answer
a.
Neutrophils are derived from the lymphoid progenitor cells
b.
Neutrophils are long-lived cells
c.
Neutrophils are the most numerous white blood cell (WBC) in the blood stream
d.
Neutrophils reside within tissues
c.
Neutrophils are the most numerous white blood cell (WBC) in the blood stream
Identify the mismatched items:
Question 5 Answer
a.
Plasma cell : antibody secretion
b.
Neutrophil : precursor to macrophages
c.
Megakaryocyte : platelets
d.
Dendritic cell : antigen presentation
b.
Neutrophil : precursor to macrophages
Innate immune cells recognize pathogens through the use of their:
Question 6 Answer
a.
Pattern recognition receptors
b.
Pseudopods
c.
Adhesion receptors
d.
Antigen receptors
a.
Pattern recognition receptors
Which adhesion molecule is expressed on vascular endothelial cells and is responsible for TIGHT binding of circulating leukocytes during the emigration phase of inflammation?
Question 7 Answer
a.
Mucin-like CAM
b.
LFA-1 (aka Integrin)
c.
ICAM-1
d.
E-selectin
c.
ICAM-1
Which microbicidal (microbial-killing) option is NOT used by macrophages?
Question 8 Answer
a.
NETs
b.
Low pH (acid)
c.
Hydrolytic enzymes
d.
Reactive oxygen species
a.
NETs
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which vascular permeability increases during inflammation?
Question 9 Answer
a.
Dilation of pre-capillary sphincters
b.
Increased transcytosis
c.
Contraction of endothelial cells
d.
Leukocyte-mediated endothelial damage
a.
Dilation of pre-capillary sphincters
Identify the mismatch between receptor and ligand:
Question 10 Answer
a.
CR3 : complement protein
b.
Toll-like receptor : Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
c.
Mannose receptor : carbohydrates on bacterial cell walls
d.
SR-A : antibodies
d.
SR-A : antibodies
Choose the TRUE statement regarding pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs):
Question 11 Answer
a.
Mannose-binding lectin is a PRR specialized for recognizing viruses that live within the cell
b.
Toll-like receptors tend to recognize patterns of cellular damage, such as increased urate or denatured cytosolic proteins
c.
NOD-like receptors can sense PAMPs and DAMPs in the cytosol
d.
Toll-like receptor signaling triggers inflammasome activation
c.
NOD-like receptors can sense PAMPs and DAMPs in the cytosol
Choose the acute phase reactant (protein secreted by the liver during systemic inflammation):
Question 12 Answer
a.
CRP (C-reactive protein)
b.
CXCL-8 (IL-8)
c.
IL-6
d.
IgA
a.
CRP (C-reactive protein)
Choose the TRUE statement regarding the membrane attack complex (MAC):
Question 13 Answer
a.
It forms when C3 convertase produces C3b and C3b binds to C9.
b.
The MAC causes enzymatic degradation of the pathogen membrane through hydrolyis.
c.
It requires a complex of C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9.
d.
It only forms when the classical complement pathway is activated.
c.
It requires a complex of C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9.
Which of the following PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) is most likely to bind an intracellular PAMP (pathogen associated molecular pattern)?
Question 14 Answer
a.
NOD-like receptor
b.
Mannose-binding lectin
c.
C1q
d.
Toll-Like Receptor 2
a.
NOD-like receptor
Which of the following cell types is first to leave the bloodstream and enter a site of acute inflammation?
Question 15 Answer
a.
Macrophages
b.
Natural killer cells
c.
B-lymphocytes
d.
Neutrophils
d.
Neutrophils
