Quiz 1 Flashcards
a/an
without, none
micro
small
macro
large
mega/megly
enlarged
it is
inflammation
osis
abnormal condition
ectomyw
cut or remove
atomy
to cut into
ostomy
creat opening
encephalo
Brian
entero
large intestine
hepato
liver
dermo
skin
osteo
bone
cyst
bladder
Leuko
white
oma
Tumour
lipo
fat
myo
muscle
cardiac
heart
endo
within
5 stages in nursing process
assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implantation, evaluation
Assessment inclues
-collecting subjective, objective data, organizing it, validating it, and documenting it
nursing diagnosis involves
-why, problems, risks, strength, prevention, and resolution
difference between nursing diagnosis and medical
nursing is concerned with the impact of the health challenge on the whole person, and their responses to health challenges
SMART GOALS
Specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time sensitive
planning involves
-patient centered, specific goals, desired outcomes, nursing interventions
Implementing involves
-reassessing client, resources, nursing intervention
Evaluation
-data collection, relate nursing action to client goal and outcome, draw conclusion about problems
inductive reasoning
specific to general
deductive
general to specific
Internal process of developing critical thinking
reflect on values, assumptions, and thinking
local infection
stays in one spot
systemic infection
spreads
Asepsis
the practices which make an environment free of bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms
Medical asepsis is
the clean technique prating to reduce the number and spread of microorganisms
surgical asepsis
Also known as “sterile technique”
Prevents contamination during invasive medical procedures
Aims to create a sterile environment to reduce the risk of infections
nosocomial infections
infections that were obtained at the hostpital
what percentage of common infections are spread by healthcare workers
80%
reservoir
-the place where infectious agent can survive (ex. humans, animals, environment)
Portal of exit
Respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze)
Gastrointestinal tract (feces)
Genitourinary tract (STIs, urine)
Skin lesions
Blood
Direct contact
Mode of Transmission
contact, droplet, airborne, vehicle, vector
Contact
-Direct or indirect
Droplet
-fall 1 m
-land on nose or oral of new host
-transfers through something like sneezing
Airborne
-carried by microorganisms that stay in the air, they are inhaled
Vehicle
-Contaminated source such as food, IV fluid, Water, blood, or equipment
PPE
-gloves, gowns, goggles, facesheilds, masks, shoe coves
Contact precautions
-private room
-HH
-gloves
-gown
-only transport when essential
Droplet precautions
-maintain at least 6 feet if patient is sharing rooms
-HH
-Gloves and eye protection
-transport only when essential
Portal entry
-Resp, GU and GI tract, open wounds, mucous membrane, parenteral route
airborne precaution
-door must be closed
-HH
-N-95
wash hands …
before interacting with patient, before procedure, after body fluid exposure, when leaving
Susceptibility
the state or fact of being likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
Contact transmission
direct or indirect
Chain of infection
infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, vehicle, total of entry, suspectible host
Iatrogenic infection
an infection after medical or surgical management, whether or not the patient was hospitalized.
W in Wholistic stands for
WHolis: how can we provide wholistic care for you
H in holism stands for
History
o in wholistic
options,
L in wholism
logistics, what can help you understand and safety find access through this journey
E stands for
environment, how we comfort you
C stands for
care
Subjective questions
What we are told by the patients
Objective questions
What we can see
Primary assessment
client interview, observation, vital signs
secondary assessment
healthcare team, medical records, scientific literature,
Specific immunity
targets specific pathogens based on the person’s exposure to antigens
Nonspecific immunity
provides immediate, generalized protection
In documentation what do you do with a late entry
Label the entry “Late Entry” to indicate it is out of sequence.
Record time and date of entry.
In body of entry, record time and date it should have been made
what to do when you make an error
cross out and write error
When documenting it is important to
-be factual, specific, accurate, complete, and organized
When doing hygiene one must know
-what products are being used
-why they are being used
-how to properly use them
Bathing options
Shower: stand-up or sit-down with shower chair
Tub- see agency policy for water temp
Complete bed bath
Partial bed bath
Bag bath
Partial bath at sink or with basin
When brushing hair what are you looking for
hair loss, lice, dandruff and dermatitis
Oral care involves
Brushing (don’t forget to brush the tongue!)
Flossing
Rinsing
Lip care
Denture care
Best to have patient remove their own dentures
If nurse is to remove, use a piece of gauze to improve grip
Can be cleansed with toothpaste/water or commercial product
Store in a denture cup labelled with patient name
After cleaning dentures, don’t forget to clean and assess gums
Handle with care- dentures are expensive!
Do not accidentally put them in the water cup!!!
Women perineal care involves cleansing
Upper inner thighs
Labia majora
Folds between the labia majora and minora
positioning for female peri-care ideal is dorsal recumbent
Men perineal care involves cleansing
upper inner thighs
Penis
Scrotum
Uncircumcised men, the foreskin of the penis is retracted in order that the glans of the
penis can be properly washed and dry. **WHEN DONE foreskin is rolled back into place **
incontinance products
Attends
Mesh panties
Pull ups
Pad inserts
Pads
Enamel
a glassy substance used to coat the surface of metal, glass, or pottery.
Xerostomia
the sensation of oral dryness, which can result from diminished saliva production
Pediculosis
an infestation of the hairy parts of the body or clothing with the eggs, larvae or adults of lice.
Plaque
an ornamental tablet, typically of metal, porcelain, or wood, that is fixed to a wall or other surface in commemoration of a person or event.
Tartar
a hard crust that forms on the teeth and consists of plaque that has become hardened with mineral salts (as of calcium) tartar.
Stomatitis
swelling and redness of the lining of your mouth.
charting by exclusion
a system for documenting exceptions to normal illness or disease progression, using a shorthand method of charting what’s usual and normal.
emesis
vomiting
erythro
red
febrile
feverish
hemo
blood
glosso
tongue
mammo
breast
hepato
liver
hystero
uterus
Cyto
cell
cyst
bladder
cranio
skull
carcino
cancerous
athro
joint
myelo
spinal cord
natal
birth
nephro
kidney
onco
tumor
oophoro
ovary
orchido
testis
oto
ear/hearing
patho
disease, suffering, emotion
procto
anus
pyro
fever
rhino
nose
spleno
spleen
stomato
mouth
thermo
heat
thoraco
chest
xero
dry
tachy
fast, rapid
Super, supra
above, excessive
sub
below
pre
before
post
after
poly
many
peri
surrounding area
neo
new
sub
below
agia
pain, suffering
cele
hernia, tumor, swelling
Centesis
surgically puncture to remove fluid
Cyte
cell
desis
surgical fixation of bone joint, to bind or tie together
ectasis
stretching, enlargement
emia
blood
-gram, -graph
a picture or record
lysis
breakdown, separation, destruction, loosening
malacia
abnormal softening
ologist
specialist
oma
tumor
ology
the science or study of
pathy
disease, suffering, emotion
patient safety
The reduction of and mitigation of unsafe acts within the healthcare system, as well as the use of best practices shown to lead to optimal patient outcomes
Cultural safety
is an outcome based on respectful engagement that recognizes and strives to address power imbalances inherent in the healthcare system. It results in an environment free of racism and discrimination, where people feel safe when receiving health care.
risk for falls
Previous falls
Illness or infection
Hydration and nutrition
Medication
Vitamin D and calcium
Pain
Environment
Fear of falling
Inactivity
Chain of falling
-fall, fear of falling, inactivity, wearing of muscles, increased risk of falling
fall prevention
-hearing aids and glasses
-non skid socks
-staying active
-eat healthy and nutritious meals
-ensure your pain is under control
-have personal items in reach
Restrains types
Physical restraint
Environnemental restraint
Chemical restraint
physical restraint
is anything near or on the body that restricts movement. They are used when the client may interfere with clinical care or attempt to cause harm to themselves or the staff.
Chemical restraints
a form of medical restraint in which a drug is used to restrict the freedom or movement of a client or to sedate the client
when is restraints be sure to
- Assessing the continued need for
restraints in the client - Mental status
- Type of restraints used and location
- Circulation and sensation assessment
- Range of motion (ROM) exercises
- Skin integrity
- Food and fluid offered
- Toileting offered
- Education to client and family regarding
restraints - Include in plan of care
- Documentation frequency per agency
protocol
Pressure Ulcers
injuries to the skin and underlying tissue, primarily caused by prolonged pressure on the skin. They can happen to anyone but usually affect people confined to bed or who sit in a chair or wheelchair for long periods.
stage 1 pressure Ulcer
The area looks red and feels warm to the touch.
Stage 2 pressure ulcer
The area looks more damaged and may have an open sore, scrape, or blister.
Stage 3 pressure ulcer
The area has a crater-like appearance due to damage below the skin’s surface.
Stage 4
The area is severely damaged and a large wound is present.
Semi fowler position
sitting up 45%
High fowler
sitting up in 90%
Supine
lying flat down
NPO diet
nothing by mouth
Clear liquid diet
water, tea, clear soda, gelatine, broth
Full liquid diet
all fruit or all veggie juices, broth, strained or pureed vegetable soup, cream based soup, milk, coffee, milkshake, pudding, Herbert, ice cream, supplement shakes
soft diet
eggs, mach potatoes, cottage cheese, baked fish, yogurt, soft fruit, well cooked veggies
Pureed diet
fully blundered food with thickened liquid
What is Fit A for
healthy vision, skin, bones, and teeth
what is B1 for
helps convert food into engird and is critical for nerve functioning
what is B2 for
helps convert food into energy, and food for skin, hair, blood, and brain
what is B3 for
helps convert food into energy and is essential for healthy nervous system
B6
helps make red blood cells
B7
food to energy and break down glucose
B9
Vital for new cells creation and DNA synthesis
B12
Breaks down fatty acids
Vitamin C is for
antioxidants help make new cells and improve immune system
Vitamin D
Strengthens and helps form bones and teeth via calcium and phosphorus
Vitamine E
Acts as an antioxidant helps stabilize cell membranes
Vitamin K
Essential for blood clotting and helping regular blood calcium
Nutrition assessment
anthrometry, weight, BMI, Skinfold thickness, underwater weighing
Normal BMI
18.5-24.9
Nursing process
Assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate
Hirsutism
hair growth in body and face of a women
Contact dermatitis
chronic ecsematoud rash
5 A’s of obesity
A: ask for permission to discuss weight and explore readiness
A: assess obesity related causes “root cause of obesity”
A: advice health risk and options
A: agree on health outcomes and behavioural goals
A: assist in accessing appropriate resource for provider
Dysphagia signs
coughing, choking, drooling, pocketing of food in cheeks, facial weakness, gurgle hoariest, multiple swallows, decline in respiratory status, prolonged meal time, weightloss, chest colds, pain with swallowing, increased avoidance liquids
Levels of food thickness
Mildly thick :Nectar kinda thin coating
Moderate thick: honey with a slow drip
Extremely thick: pudding
Managing hydration: add thickening
Full fluid diet
- Includes foods on a clear diet plus additional smooth texture dairy products. . Strained soup, custard, refined cereals, veggie juice
- After surgery or acute illness
- Must verify non lactose diets
- Not recommended for long time
Pureed diet
- Foods that do not require swallowing
- Head, neck, or oral surgery
Can be modified accordingly
- Head, neck, or oral surgery
Dental soft mechanical
- Consists od other diets but includes lightly salted siced meets, flaked fish, cottage cheese, rice, potatoes, pancakes, other mushy foods
- Avoid tough meets, nuts, bacon and fruit with skin
- Chewing problem or GI track
- Transitional
Soft/Low residue diet
- Pastas, casseroles, moist tender meats canned cooked fruits and veg
- Foods that are easy to chew
- no fatty rich foods
- Low fiber
support surfaces for onto of beds
Foam overlay- moderate to high risk patients
-Water overlay- use for high risk patients
-Gel overlay-use for moderate to high risk patients who are wheel chair dependant
-Non power air filled over lay: can reposition selves
-low-air overlay
Air-fluidized bed: 3-4 pressure injury or burn
-low air loss bed: need pressure relief and cannot be repositioned often, spinal, ski breakdown
what can lead to Aspiration Pneumonia
- Dysphagia/swallowing.
- Altered mental status or decreased alertness and attention span.
- Esophageal motility disorders/vomiting.
- Enteral (tube) feeding.
- Poor oral hygiene, decrease in salivary clearance.
- Increased impulsiveness or agitation.
- Use of medications such as psychotropic, neuroleptic, antidepressants, anticholinergic, or phenothiazine drugs.
- Hyperextended neck or contractures.
- Facial or neck reconstruction, cancers and their treatments.
- Long-termintubation.
- Advancingageduetodecreasedmusclemassreducingpharyngealcontractionandbolus drive.
- Supineposition.
