elimination Flashcards
Micturition
Emptying the bladder
Relaxation of internal urethral sphincter muscles
forces urine out of bladder and through urethra
Peristalsis
the wave-like movement of the muscles that line your gastrointestinal tract, which propels food and fluids through your digestive system
Hematuria
blood in urine
Enuresis
repeated inability to control urine
Nocturia
waking up during the night to void
Polyuria
excessive volume of urine production
Oliguria
reduction in volume of urine production
Dysuria
pain with voiding
Residual urine
- urine retained in the bladder after a voluntary void
Neurogenic bladder
- condition where the nerves that control the urinary system don’t work the way they should
How much does the adult bladder hold
700-800 mL
How often foes the bladder need
5-7 times daily
Red flag body fluid loss
Output less than 30 mL/hr may indicate decreased blood flow to the kidney.
Muscle tone factors affecting voiding
Immobility
Obesity
Childbirth and multiple pregnancies
Menopause(_ estrogen)
Chronic constipation
Trauma including damage from prolonged catheterization
Pathology factors affecting voiding
Involving production or excretion of urine causing elevations in blood or protein in urine
Renal failure
Heart failure
Shock
Hypertension
Bridal retraining program
Timed voiding (every 2 hours)
Habit training
External rewards
Kegel Exercises
Normal urine colour
straw colored or amber and transparent
be faintly aromatic
micro-organism free
pH of 4.5 to 8, normal is 6
no glucose, ketones or blood
who is more likely to get a UTI
Women
UTi prevention
Drink 8 glasses of water per day
Practice frequent voiding (every 2 hours)
Avoid the use of harsh soaps, bubble baths, powder, or sprays in the perineal area
Don’t douche
Avoid tight-fitting clothing
Wear cotton rather than nylon underclothes
Wipe the perineal area from front to back (females)
Showers rather than baths
Condom catheter
applied externally for males
Intermittent
One time use
Indwelling catheter
Remains in place
Indication for catheters
Surgery:
Urologic surgery
For the duration of the surgical procedure
I&O during surgery
Strict intake and output
To help heal pressure sores
Acute urinary retention
CAUTI
catheter, associated urinary, tract, infections
CAUTI prevention
-drainage bag below half, no kinks, bag underneath,
Urine Collection
Midstream, clean catch, catheter
Type 1 bm
separate hard lumps very constapated
Type 2 bm
type 2 lumpy and sasusage like normal
Type 3 bowel movement
a sausage shape with cracks norma;
type 4 bm
like a smooth soft sausage or snake
Type 5 bm
soft blobs with clear cut edges
Type 6
mushy consistency with ragged edges
Type 7
Liquid consistency with no no slid peirces
Hemorrhoids
Disended veins in the rectum
Fecal impaction
Stool is “stuck” in rectum
No stool for 3 – 5 days or more
Debilitated, unconscious or confused pts at ↑ risk
Deceiving as pt. can pass liquid stool around the hard stuck stool
Flatulence
air or gas in the intestines.
Medications affecting bowel function
Laxatives (oral or suppository)
Ant flatulent
Antidiarrheal
Enemas
enema
Enema administration and the solution must be ordered by a healthcare provider
Suppositories
A cylindrical-shaped medication designed to be inserted into the rectum or vagina to dissolve.
