Quiz 1 Flashcards

(43 cards)

1
Q

Radiography (X- rays) components?
What is it used for?
What is being assessed?

A

Film/screen, Computed, Digital
Used to diagnose or treat patients by recording images of the internal structure of the body
Assessing presence or absence of disease, foreign objects, & damage

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2
Q

Types of diagnostic imaging

A

MRI, ultrasound, CT scan, X-ray

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2
Q

Energy transmitted through space and matter

A

radiation

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2
Q

Radiography

What are the advantages of it?

What are the disadvantages of it?

A

Using radiation to provide images of structures in the body

A: It provides diagnostic info about bony changes/ most economical

D: it requires the use of ionizing radiation/ it cannot clearly visualize soft tissue/ it may miss some conditions

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2
Q

An X-ray film containing an image of a part of a patient’s anatomy is?

What does this ^ require? (3 things)

A

radiograph

a patient, an x-ray beam, an x-ray film or other image receptor

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2
Q

Why is ionizing radiation harmful?

A

It can cause damage to the cells, this damage can result in death of the cell, can cause cancer - skin/tissue damage

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2
Q

Protection against excessive exposure to _______ _______ is vitally important in radiology

A

ionizing radiation

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3
Q

What does digital radiography (available since the 1990s) do?

A

converts x- rays into electrical change or a light photon

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3
Q

What does computed radiography (available since 1980s) create?

A

a digital radiograph by exposing a phosphor screen instead of film to x rays

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3
Q

What does resolution mean in radiology?

A

the ability of an imaging system to faithfully reproduce a sharp edge that is present in the object

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3
Q

Physical quantities of an object that determines amount of radiation it absorbs from an x-ray beam is dependent on? (3 things)

The greater these factors are the greater the

A

atomic number (# of electrons with which an x-ray photon can interact), volume density, thickness

radiodensity

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3
Q

The end result of both computed and digital radiography

A

the image is transmitted electronically, stored digitally, and then altered to enhance dx (diagnosis) detail

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3
Q

Compare and contrast computed vs. digital radiography in regards to….

Cost
Time
Portability
Resolution

A

C: Costs less, Slower, More portable, greater resolution
D: Cost more, Faster, Less portable, less resolution

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4
Q

The reduction in intensity of an x-ray beam as it transverses matter is either ________ or ______?

This is called?

A

absorbed or deflected

attenuation

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5
Q

The amount of blackening on the radiograph shows the

A

radiographic density (amount of radiation penetrated)

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6
Q

True or False?

There is an inverse relationship between radiographic density and radiodensity

A

True

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7
Q

Greater radiodensity and less radiographic density will show a

Greater radiographic density and less radiodensity will show a

A

Whiter image

Darker image

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8
Q

What does radiopaque and radiolucent describe

Which is not easily penetrated by x-rays?

Which is easily penetrated by x-rays?

A

greater and lesser degrees of radiodensity

radiopaque = not easy (white and has a great radiodensity)
radiolucent = easy (dark)

9
Q

Describe the shades of gray on an image (5)

Which is the most radiodense tissue of the body?

A

Black (air)
Gray- Black (fat)
Gray (water)
White (bone)
Solid White (metal)

Bone = most radiodense

10
Q

The thicker the object the more ________ ?

A

Radiodense

Ex. Lead (atomic number of 82) = 11,340
VS.
Fat (atomic number of 6.46) = 916

11
Q

What is the general concept of resolution?

A

The level of detail contained in an image

12
Q

The thicker the object the more

13
Q

the angle of projection determines

what is projection

It goes through the _____ to the image receptor

A

the form seen

the path the x-ray beam travels from the the x ray tube

patient

14
Q

For an x-ray it is important that we get multiple

a single radiograph provides

A

views (one view is no view)

2 dimensions length x width

15
The reference for all patient positions when using radiographic technology is in _______ position
anatomical (you are facing the patient so left is right, right is left)
16
Most common forms of projection
anteroposterior (AP) posteroanterior (PA) lateral (ML or LM) oblique (anything between lateral and AP)
17
What is decubitus in regards to projection and positioning
body on horizontal surface and use of horizontal x-ray beam (sidelying)
18
For projection __ images at a right angle are necessary ALL bones and joints are evaluated by an __ ________ except the hand. The hand is done in a __ ________ with the palm down and beam going through the back of the hand
2 AP projection, PA projection
19
The four image quality factors
density, contrast, detail, distortion
20
The amount of blackening on a radiograph This is the opposite of it is adjusted by 3 varying things
radiographic density radiodensity current, exposure time, distance from x-ray beam to image receptor (40 cm)
21
Radiographic contrast the purpose of it
difference among various adjacent radiographic densities makes details more visible
22
If radiographic contrast is under exposed it is greater for seeing if the contrast is correctly exposed it is greater for seeing It all depends on what
details for tissue detail for bone the tissue that needs to be investigated (overexposure is not good for seeing anything)
23
Low contrast to see High contrast to see
soft tissue bone
24
The primary controlling factor of detail is The closer an object is to the image receptor the more ...
motion sharply it is defined
25
The difference between the actual object and its recorded image factors that control this (3)
radiographic distortion -distance between beam source, patient, and image receptor -body alignment -position of central ray of x-ray
26
The purpose of a routine radiographic exam possible results of this exam (5)
to provide the most visualization of anatomy with the least number of radiographs and thus expose the patient to minimal radiation - positive for the suspected clinical dx - negative for the suspected clinical dx - negative for one dx but raising the possibility for another dx - inconclusive requiring more imaging - wrong (patient may just need to ice)
27
ABCS (for radiographic evaluation search pattern) In order to assess alignment general skeletal architecture to look for is (5)
alignment bone density cartilage spaces soft tissues aberrant size of bones supernumerary bone congenital anomalies absence of any bones developmental deformities
27
For assessing contour of bones cortical outlines of each bone should be You should assess (3)
smooth and continuous - appearance, gross normal size, and # of bones
28
For assessing bone density what should be looked for
loss of bone density resulting in poor contrast between soft tissue and bones as well as as thinning or absent cortical margins
29
a decrease in bone density =
changes within cortex of the bone
30
Texture abnormalities in search patterns include assessing the appearance of __________ You should specifically look for if the texture is (6)
trabeculae thin, delicacy, lacy, coarsened, smudged, or fluffy
31
Soft tissues to assess (5)
muscle, fat pads & lines, joint capsule, periosteum, miscellaneous (foreign bodies, gas bubbles, calcifications)
32
When assessing normal positional relationships between bones we should assess (3)
- dislocation - fracture - subluxation