Quiz 1

Question 1

Linguistics

Answer 1

The scientific study of language

Question 2

Mental Grammar

Answer 2

Subconscious (born with it)
Observe linguistic behavior
Everyone has this
Governs speech behavior

Question 3

Descriptive Grammar

Answer 3

The study of language and it’s structure
Word order typology
Rules
Collection of data
Searchable

Question 4

Morphological competence

Answer 4

How words can be broken up

Question 5

Syntactic Competence

Answer 5

Sub. ver. obj.
Article comes before noun
etc

Question 6

Semantic competence

Answer 6

What do words mean? What does this phrase mean?

Question 7

phonetic competence

Answer 7

how sounds are produced and heard
how to move articulators

Question 8

pragmatics

Answer 8

How language is used

Question 9

Prescriptive rules

Answer 9

Grammar rules that you are aware of
Invented rules

Question 10

Spoonerism

Answer 10

Type of performance error
When you switch the syllabus of the first word

Question 11

language competence is both nature and nurture. How?

Answer 11

Nature - everyone will acquire a language
Nurture - depends on what language they acquire

Question 12

Lenneberg’s Criteria for Innateness

Answer 12

1. Language emerges before its necessary for survival
2. Not a conscious decision to acquire the skill
3. You hit certain milestones
4. Attempts to accelerate the process fail
5. No external stimuli are required for the behavior to emerge
6. There is a critical window for language development

Question 13

Communication

Answer 13

there are other kinds of communication like traffic lights that have grammar etc

Question 14

Charles Hocket’s Criteria for what makes language unique

Answer 14

1. there is a mode of communication
2. semanticity means that every symbol has a meaning or grammatical function
3. pragmatic function
4. cultural transmission
5. arbitrariness/iconicity
6. discreteness
7. productivity (not found in the animal kingdom – the presence of syntactic rules)
8. Displacement
9. Interchangeability

Question 15

Articulatory

Answer 15

How sounds are produced

Question 16

Acoustics

Answer 16

How sounds are heard

Question 17

Auditory

Answer 17

How sounds are heard

Question 18

Distinctive features of IPA

Answer 18

voice
place
manner

Question 19

Fundamental frequency

Answer 19

How fast vocal cords vibrate
F1
F2
F3
Your brain reverse engineers frequencies to make sounds (or hallucinations)

Question 20

Non-acoustic cues

Answer 20

McGurk’s effect – you hear one thing but see another (when you don’t look at the mouth you see something different than when you do)

Question 21

Whispering

Answer 21

everything is voiceless

Question 22

Bilabial

Answer 22

when lips touch — the release of the lips makes the sound

Question 23

Labiodental

Answer 23

Teeth onto lip (like f and v). Velum is raised

Question 24

Interdental

Answer 24

tongue is on the inside of teeth (TH)

Question 25

Alveolar

Answer 25

tongue approaches the alveolar ridge (t, s, d, z, n, l, r) Narrow channel for air to squirt through

Question 26

Post alveolar

Answer 26

Between the front of the mouth and the palette (dg, g, ch, sh) Tongue is farther back than in an S

Question 27

Palatal

Answer 27

J = YUH tongue approaches the hard palate

Question 28

Velar

Answer 28

Closure at the velum

Question 29

Glottal

Answer 29

prevents airflow epiglottis closes Always voiceless

Question 30

Stop

Answer 30

Allows air pressure to build up and then rapid release of pressure

Question 31

Plosive stops

Answer 31

you can't hold them because the oral cavity is closed and the air is held in there (p, b, t, d, k, g)

Question 32

Nasal stops

Answer 32

you can hold them because air can escape through the nasal cavity (m, n, ng) the velum is open

Question 33

Fricative

Answer 33

not a complete closure but a narrow constriction passage of air creates a high freq. noise

Question 34

Affricative

Answer 34

Multiple parts but behaves like one sound (ch, dg) dynamic process First there's a stop and then a fricative

Question 35

Nasal

Answer 35

velum is separated or lowered (oral stop) Complete closure in the oral cavity

Question 36

Lateral Liquid

Answer 36

In alveolar gesture, the tongue doesn't create a seal -- it lets air pass through on the sides of the tongue

Question 37

Retroflex liquid

Answer 37

involes a folding or curling of the tongue (r) against the roof of the mouth

Question 38

Glide

Answer 38

Semi vowels Occupy consonant position in syllable structure Onset and coda

Question 39

Diphthongs

Answer 39

two vowel sounds

Question 40

Monothongs

Answer 40

one vowel sound