Quiz 1 Flashcards
Three types of gene-environment interactions
• Passive Genotype
• Evocative/Reactive genotype-environment interaction-
• Active genotype-environment interaction-
parents provide both the genes and environment (e.g., musical skill developed both from inherited genes and musical environment provided by parents).
Passive genotype- environment interaction
inherited characteristics evoke certain response from the environment (e.g.,more musical opportunities are presented to a child who seems to have inherent musical ability).
Evocative/reactive genotype-environment interaction
seek environments that support inherited characteristics (e.g., child asks parents to join a children’s choir because of musical ability and interest.
Active genotype-environment interaction
Highlights the myriad of ways that one can be intelligent including areas beyond traditional definitions of intelligence.
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
Based on three types of “process” intelligence (rather than outcome): contextual, experiential, and componential intelligence.
Sternberg’s theory of intelligence
The ability to solve problems in one’s environment.
Contextual Intelligence
Signifies the ability to develop new ideas and merge unrelated facts.
Experiential Intelligence
Refers to abstract thinking and processing and the ability to figure out what needs to be done.
Componential Intelligence
4 domains of the guideline for cognitive test
- Context
- Construction
- Test administration
- Interpretation
The way the person uses information to solve problems or, simply, his or her thinking style.
Cognitive Style
Accompanies us from birth and involves physiological arousal, subjective evaluation, and behavioral expression.
Emotion
6 universal emotion + 1
happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger, and disgusts + contempt
The interpretation of sensory experiences
Perception
Punctuality is not a consideration, especially if something more important occurs.
Mañana Framework
Means tomorrow and indicates that time is perceived in a flexible manner. In many non-Western cultures, time consciousness is simply not a top priority.
Mañana
suggests that speakers of different languages think differently because of the differences in the construction and function of their language. person who speaks more than one language may in fact think differently in each of the languages because learning
a language well typically occurs within the context of a culture.
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, also known as linguistic relativity, suggests
includes the awareness of one’s sensations, perceptions, and other mental events and is typically depicted on a continuum with full awareness at one end and loss of consciousness at the other end.
Consciousness
Non-waking state of consciousness, varies in terms of patterns and amounts in different
cultures
Sleep
Includes mystical perceptual and sensory experiences such
as meditation, hypnosis, trance and possession
Altered states of consciousness (ASC)
sleep-like states usually induced by singing of music in order to access the unconscious mind.
Trances
Depicted as a bodily invasion or capture by one or more spirits
Possession
Typically engaged in to expand conscious awareness. described as a deepened state of relaxation or awareness
Meditation
branch of psychology that studies the strengths of human beings, their lives, and optimal human functioning
Positive Psychology
the overall enjoyment of your life as a whole
happiness
Enjoying and engaging in the pursuit of learning
Wisdom and Knowledge
Exhibiting bravery and persistence
Courage
Being kind and sensitive towards others
Humanity
Treating people fairly; being a good leader
Justice
Having self-control; being humble
Temperance
Being thankful; appreciating beauty; spirituality
Transcendence
The large Southeast and East Asian communities that
have been established in Australia, Canada, Britain, and
the US serve as examples of global connectivity and
intercultural migration.
Such distinctive communities like the large Latino
populations in the US, and African and Caribbean
communities in Britain can increase the perception of
cultural distance among societal members
Pluralism
temporary visitors to another country who eventually return to their home country and include students, tourists, business people, humanitarian aid
workers/missionaries, and government diplomats
Sojourners
defined as “psychological changes that accompany prolonged intercultural contact, frequently as consequence of migration
Psychological Acculturation
Refugees and asylum seekers are specific classifications of
forced migrants
someone fleeing persecution across national borders due to race, religion, nationality, membership in social group, political opinion, torture, or
war, and who applies for refugee status
refugee
left their country to look for sanctuary because of persecution or perceived danger in their home country.
Asylum seekers
Broad definition for anyone who leaves his/her country to settle permanently in another country
immigrant
is
“cultural changes in attitudes behaviors and cognition that occur during the acculturation process as individuals become more exposed to the dominant culture
Acculturative stress
is typically applied to stress associated with immigration to a dominant culture and different language.
Acculturation stress
maintain one’s original culture and have regular interactions with dominant culture
integration
maintain cultural identity and avoid or minimize interactions with dominant culture
separation
seek out interaction with dominant culture and do not maintain cultural identity
assimilation
do not maintain cultural identity and little to no interest interactions with dominant culture
marginalization
process of culture adopting and/or blending elements of another culture’s
beliefs, ideas, and practices is known as
cultural diffusion or cultural transmission
