Quiz 1

Question 1

After standing at room temp for 2 hours, what changes?

Answer 1

Glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, RBCs, WBCs, and casts decrease
Nitrite and bacteria increase
Blood, protein, and leukocyte esterase have no change

Question 2

What does foam say about a specimen?

Answer 2

If the foam stays instead of dissipating, there is high levels of protein
Yellow foam has bilirubin

Question 3

Hematuria vs hemoglobinuria vs myoglobinuria

Answer 3

Hematuria: blood in urine, cloudy, can be red, RBCs present
Hemoglobinuria: hemoglobin in urine, 0-2 RBCs
Myoglobinuria: myoglobin in urine

Question 4

Which WBCs produce leukocyte esterase?

Answer 4

Granulocytes and monocytes

Question 5

Which WBCs don’t produce leukocyte esterase?

Answer 5

Lymphocytes

Question 6

Why can a patient have a negative nitrite when they have a UTI?

Answer 6

Ascorbic acid, the bacteria might not be a nitrate reducer, there may not be enough time between urination for nitrite to accumulate, the patient might not be eating enough dietary nitrate to be converted

Question 7

3 ketone bodies found in urine and what can the reagent strip detect?

Answer 7

Acetone, acetoacetate, and Beta-hydroxybutyrate, reagent strip can’t detect beta-hydroxybutyrate

Question 8

Hyaline casts

Answer 8

clear, angular, smooth rounded tubes

Question 9

Granular casts

Answer 9

bunch of little inclusions, balls

Question 10

Cellular casts

Answer 10

have RBCs or WBCs inside

Question 11

Waxy casts

Answer 11

cracking appearance

Question 12

2 prominent indications for vaginal contamination

Answer 12

Epithelial cells and heavy bacteria

Question 13

How many hours is a specimen acceptable at room temp?

Answer 13

2

Question 14

How many hours is a specimen acceptable refrigerated?

Answer 14

24

Question 15

How many patient identifiers are needed?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

Can you accept frozen specimens?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

What pH allows cells to stay intact?

Answer 17

Acidic

Question 18

What pH causes cells to lyse?

Answer 18

Alkaline

Question 19

What method does Novus use for specific gravity?

Answer 19

Refractometry

Question 20

What method does clinitek use for specific gravity?

Answer 20

reagent strip

Question 21

Why might there be a difference in specific gravity between instruments?

Answer 21

X-ray media causes Novus to be high

Question 22

Critical result on Novus

Answer 22

3+ Ketones
2+ Glucose

Question 23

critical result on clinitek

Answer 23

4+ glucose
3+ ketones

Question 24

Critical result not on instrument

Answer 24

positive legionella

Question 25

Pre-Hepatic metabolism

Answer 25

Hemolytic disorders, bilirubin negative, increased urobilinogen

Question 26

Hepatic metabolism

Answer 26

cirrhosis or alcoholism, positive bilirubin, increased urobilinogen

Question 27

Post-hepatic metabolism

Answer 27

Gallstones/Obstruction, positive bilirubin, decreased to absent urobilinogen, changes stool to pale color

Question 28

How does ascorbic acid affect test pads and in what tests?

Answer 28

Creating false negatives in nitrite, glucose, bilirubin, and blood

Question 29

Non-pathologic substances

Answer 29

Uric acid, hyaline casts, granular casts, calcium oxalate, epithelial cells, 0-2 RBCs, 0-5 WBCs, sperm, amorphous crystals

Question 30

Pathologic substances

Answer 30

Waxy casts, oval fat bodies, cellular casts, triple phosphate, sperm, bacteria, blood, heavy WBCs, yeast, trichomonas, renal tubular cells

Question 31

3 proteins produced by the urinary tract

Answer 31

urokinase = fibrolytic enzyme secreted by tubular cells Uromodulin = makes casts IgA = synthesized by renal tubular epithelial cells