Final

Question 1

What are dysmorphic RBCs?

Answer 1

RBCs with abnormal morphology

Question 2

What do dysmorphic RBCs indicate in urine?

Answer 2

Glomerulonephritis

Question 3

Does a positive pregnancy test always indicate a patient is pregnant?

Answer 3

No, can have increased hCG levels from trophoblastic disease, or some non-trophoblastic neoplasms, like testicular tumors, prostate cancer, breast cancer or lung cancer

Question 4

Positive bile, negative glucose, Clinitest of 3+
What possible condition?

Answer 4

Galactosemia

Question 5

What test do you check bile with?

Answer 5

Ictotest

Question 6

Causes for a clear red urine with a 4+ dipstick for blood, but no RBCs microscopically

Answer 6

Hemoglobin or myoglobin

Question 7

Results indicating glomerularnephritis

Answer 7

Dysmorphic RBCs, RBCs in microscope exam, RBC casts

Question 8

What type of urine specimen is most concentrated?

Answer 8

First morning

Question 9

Type of urine Triple Phosphate is found in

Answer 9

Alkaline

Question 10

Why does type of epithelial cell matter in female patients with a large number of cells in urine?

Answer 10

Squamous point to contamination, transitional point to serious conditions

Question 11

Significance of Hyaline casts

Answer 11

Strenuous exercise, dehydration, emotional stress, kidney issues, congestive heart failure

Question 12

Significance of RBC casts

Answer 12

Acute glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, subacute bacterial endocarditis

Question 13

significance of WBC casts

Answer 13

pyelonephritis

Question 14

Significance of granular casts

Answer 14

damaged glomeruli, cellular degeneration, strenuous exercise, stress, dehydration, fever

Question 15

Significance of waxy casts

Answer 15

prolonged sepsis, tubular obstruction, transplant rejection, chronic renal rejection

Question 16

Bilirubin crystal pathological conditions

Answer 16

Bilirubinemia associated with liver disease or obstruction, severe liver disease, jaundice

Question 17

Leucine crystal pathological conditions

Answer 17

Severe liver disease, maple syrup urine disease, amino aciduria

Question 18

Tyrosine crystal pathological conditions

Answer 18

Liver disease, amino aciduria

Question 19

Cholesterol crystal pathological conditions

Answer 19

Lipiduria, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, renal tubular disease

Question 20

Cystine crystal pathological conditions

Answer 20

Cystinosis, cystinuria, cysteine metabolic disorders

Question 21

Bilirubin crystal appearance

Answer 21

Fine needles forming clusters

Question 22

Leucine crystal appearance

Answer 22

Spheres with concentric circles or striation

Question 23

Tyrosine crystal appearance

Answer 23

Fine, delicate needles in clusters or sheaves

Question 24

Cholesterol crystal appearance

Answer 24

Flat, rectangular plates with notched corners

Question 25

Cystine crystal appearance

Answer 25

hexagonal plates

Question 26

What is the purpose of the color compensation field on the strips?

Answer 26

The color compensation pad assesses urine color and modifies the test results by subtracting the urine color from the color change obtained on the test reaction pads

Question 27

What pigment gives urine its yellow color?

Answer 27

urochrome

Question 28

What are the critical values?

Answer 28

4+ glucose, 3+ ketones, positive legionella

Question 29

Does a negative nitrite rule out a UTI?

Answer 29

No, bacteria may not reduce nitrates, may not have sat in bladder long enough, ascorbic acid may be interfering, and patient may not eat enough nitrates

Question 30

Does a negative legionella antigen test rule out legionella?

Answer 30

No, it only detects legionella sero group 1

Question 31

Why does an increase of Gardnerella indicate bacterial vaginosis?

Answer 31

In a bacterial vaginosis infection, the lactobacillus population decreases, so the environment is not as acidic, allowing overgrowth of Gardnerella and other anaerobic bacteria

Question 32

Why must a positive leuko on a one year old baby be marked as an unconfirmed positive?

Answer 32

False positives can occur in breast fed babies

Question 33

Round refractile globules with perfect maltese crosses

Answer 33

Oval fat bodies

Question 34

An antibiotic would be most effective in an acidic pH, should eat more

Answer 34

protein

Question 35

Colorless, clear, hexagonal crystals infer what condition?

Answer 35

Cystinosis

Question 36

Elevated urobilinogen and negative bilirubin indicate

Answer 36

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 37

Method of choice for SG in patient with x-ray contrast dye?

Answer 37

Reagent strip

Question 38

Multiple myeloma with 3+ protein with large amount of Bence Jones proteins

Answer 38

Prerenal proteinuria

Question 39

ketone body that doesn't appear in urine

Answer 39

Acetophenone