Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is sex
is in context to sexual autonomy and sexual behaviour, and the term gender will be used to refer to the state of being male or female.
Sexual Behaviour
behaviour that produces arousal and increases the chance of orgasm.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
sperm swimming in human semen
Oskar Hetwif
fertilization of the egg with sperm in sea urchins
Sigmund Freud
founder of psychiatry
Magnus Hirscfield
first sex research institute. first large scale sex survey
Media has what three things…
Cultivation
o Notion that people begin to think that what they see on television and in other media really represent mainstream of what happens in our culture
Agenda Setting
o News reporters select what to report, what to emphasize.
• 1988, US media focused on Bill Clinton sexual dalliances, suggesting to the public that these matters were important.
• The Canadian media rarely focuses on sexual activities of politicians.
Social Learning
o Characters on television, movies, novels serve as models whom we imitate, perhaps without realizing.
• Teens who watch sexy television engage in first intercourse earlier then teens who do not watch.
Ethnocentrism
influence people’s understanding of human sexual behaviour
incest taboo
a regulation prohibiting sexual intercourse between close blood relatives, such as brother and sister or father and daughter.
What are the three general rules regarding same sex partners?
- No matter how a particular society views homosexuality, the behaviour always occurs in at least some individuals—that is, same-sex sexuality is found universally in all societies
- Males are more likely to engage in same-sex sexual activity than females
- Same-sex sexual activity is never the predominant form of sexual behaviour for adults in any of the societies studied
What is the purpose of sex?
Procreation…
o Primary purpose of sex is reproduction
o Acceptance of sex within the confines of marriage
o Assumption of opposite gender orientation and behaviour
o Disapprove of non-procreational sex (i.e. same gender sexual activity, pre- marital and extra-marital sex)
Relational
o Sex is a natural component of intimate partnered relationships
o Acceptance of sex within the confines of a committed relationship
o Value monogamy and disapprove of sexual activity outside the primary relationship
Recreational
o Primary purpose of sex is physical, emotional or social pleasure
o Acceptance of any sexual activity
• usually between consenting adults
• some accept other partners
o More accepting of same gender sexual activity
What are some determinants
Biological Environmental Psychological Cultural Societal Historical
Exogamy
is the custom of marrying outside a specified group of people to which a person belongs. In addition to blood relatives, marriage to members of a specific totem, clan, or other groups may be forbidden
Evolutionary Psychology
focuses on how natural selection has shaped psychological mechanisms and processes (that is, the mind) rather than on how it has shaped sexual behaviour directly.
Libido
Sex drive/energy. Freud saw as one of two major forces motivating human behaviour
What are human personalities according to Freud?
ID - basic part of personality and is present at birth. It is the pleasure principle.
EGO - reality principle, keeping the ID in line. Functions to make the person have realistic rational interactions with others.
SUPEREGO - is the conscience, contains values and ideals of society that we learn, operates on idealism, moral goals.
Erogenous Zones
part of the skin or mucous membrane that is extremely sensitive to stimulation; touching it in certain ways produce feelings of pleasure… lips, mouth, genitals, rectum etc…
What are the stages of Psychosexual Development?
Oral Stage - Birth to 1 Anal Stage - 2 Phallic Stage - 3-6 Latency - until adolescents Genital Stage -
What are the four Learning Theories?
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Behaviour Therapy
Social Learning Theory
Social Exchange Theory
maximize rewards and minimize costs.. social relationships in exchange of goods and services.
Cognitive Theory
Sandra Bem…
What are three approaches for sociological perspectives?
- Every society regulated the sexuality of its members
- Basic institutions of society affect the rules governing sexuality in that society
- the appropriateness or inappropriateness of a particular sexual behaviour depends on the culture in which it occurs
What are some social institutions on a Macro level?
Religion Family Law Economy Medicine
Symbolic Interaction Theory
a theory that proposes human nature and the social order are products of communication among people
According to Reiss, sexuality is linked to social structure in what three ways?
- Kinship system - enforce resulting norms/rules of society
- Power structure
- Ideology of Society - assumptionabout human nature – what sexual practices are normal and abnormal/right and wrong. All cultures define it one way or another
What is the social importance of sex according to Reiss?
- Sexuality is associated with great physical pleasure
- Sexual interactions are associated with personal self-disclosure, not only by one’s body but thoughts and feelings as well
