Quiz 1

Question 1

Small dense nucleus, first stage of cell death

Answer 1

Pyknosis

Question 2

fragmentation, second stage of cell death

Answer 2

Karyorrhexis

Question 3

dissolution of nucleus by lysosomal enzymes, third stage of cell death

Answer 3

Karyolysis

Question 4

death of a group of cells in the living body

Answer 4

necrosis

Question 5

proteins become hard

Answer 5

denaturation

Question 6

cell becomes liquified

Answer 6

liquifactive necrosis

Question 7

most common type of necrosis

Answer 7

Coagulative

Question 8

Coagulative necrosis is mostly caused by?

Answer 8

Lack of oxygen

Question 9

Coagulative necrosis occurs where?

Answer 9

all tissue except brain and abscesses

Question 10

Coagulative necrosis results a cell that is:

Answer 10

pale, firm and swollen

Question 11

Mechanism of Colliquitive (Liquifactive) Necrosis

Answer 11

Cell Lysis, prevail over protein denaturation

Question 12

Causes of Liquificative Necrosis

Answer 12

Necrotic Lesions of the brain, suppurative inflammation (abscess, has puss): puss attracts proteolytic enzymes of neutrophils

Question 13

What is the cause of Caseous Necrosis?

Answer 13

TB (Tuberculosis)

Question 14

What does Caseous Necrosis look like?

Answer 14

white and cheesy, debris appears soft and friable (easily separates like bread crumbs)

Question 15

What is the shape of a cell undergoing Caseous Necrosis?

Answer 15

Amorphous (Shapeless)

Question 16

Enzymatic Fat Necrosis is caused by?

Answer 16

Release of pancreatic enzymes into surrounding tissue (pancreatitis)

Question 17

Mechanism of Enzymatic Fat Necrosis:

Answer 17

Phospholipases attack plasma membrane

Question 18

What is the appearance of Enzymatic Fat Necrosis?

Answer 18

Chalky white, caused by amino acids and

Question 19

Traumatic Fat Necrosis is caused by?

Answer 19

Trauma (not enzymatic digestion) to fatty tissue

Question 20

Mechanism of Traumatic Fat Necrosis:

Answer 20

Release of intracellular fat —> acute

inflammation and fibrosis —> firm mass mistaken for breast cancer

Question 21

Fibrinoid Necrosis occurs where?

Answer 21

blood vessels (in tunica media)

Question 22

Causes of Fibrinoid Necrosis:

Answer 22

Malignant Hypertension, Autoimmune Diseases: Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 23

Mass necrosis of tissue due to vascular occlusion followed by putrefaction

Answer 23

Gangrene

Question 24

• Occurs in TOES and FEET due to occlusion of arteries due to DIABETES —>(COAGULATIVE NECROSIS)
• Necrotic tissue is dry, shrunken, mummified and black
• Bacterial Infection: minimal
• LINE OF DEMARCATION between gangrenous area and adjacent living tissue

Answer 24

Dry Gangrene

Question 25

• Occurs in limbs (crush injury), internal organs (intestinal strangulation) —> occlusion of both artery and vein
• Necrotic tissue swollen, moist and black
• Severe bacterial infection, liquifaction of dead tissue and toxemia (LIQUIFACTIVE NECROSIS)

Answer 25

Wet Gangrene

Question 26

• Both tissue necrosis and putrification are caused by BACTERIA
• Due to contamination of DEEP WOUNDS involving muscles with CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS
• palpation of tissue produces CRACKLING SENSATION (CO2 and H2S)

Answer 26

Gas Gangrene

Question 27

Death of single cells within a cluster of living cells

Answer 27

Apoptosis

Question 28

The following are features of what?

Answer 28

Cell shrinkage, apoptotic bodies (fragmentation of cell), surface blebs from membrane

Question 29

In apoptosis, cell fragments are eaten by:

Answer 29

Phagocytes

Question 30

Physiological Causes of Apoptoss:

Answer 30

• lumina in hollow organs during embryogenesis
• Involution of thymus in adults
• deletion of self reactive lymphocytes in thymus

Question 31

Pathological Causes of Apoptosis:

Answer 31

• Cell Injury in Viral Hepatitis —> apoptotic bodies (known as COUNCILMAN BODIES)