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Emotion > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of an angry face?

A
  • Having a scrunched face leads to looking older
  • Conveys higher status and more power
  • Can be interpreted differently in different contexts (e.i; competitive)
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of a happy face?

A
  • Reward smile

- Signaling positive intentions or just being happy about something

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of face showing fear?

A
  • Eyes are large
  • Adaptive to widen peripheral vision
  • Adaptive as social function were others can see where the danger is
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4
Q

What are the characteristics of showing a sad face?

A
  • Sadness depends on pupil size
  • Smaller the pupil size the more sad you are
  • Not aware of this effect
  • Empathetic people are more conscious of this
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5
Q

What are the effects of seeing other peoples facial expression?

A
  • Show a corresponding activation of facial muscles when seeing facial expressions of emotion
  • When you see someone smile you will smile at a micro level (not fully conscious of it) = emotional reaction
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6
Q

How do emotions work in social contexts?

A
  • Emotions is needed for individual and group survival

- Emotions allows for reproduction (love for long term bonds) and group governance (guilt that leads to amends)

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7
Q

What are the three types of smile that serve as a social function?

A
  • Reward smile: convey positive experience and/or intentions
  • Affiliative smile: acknowledge social bonds to create or keep this connection
  • Dominant smile: convey higher moral and/or social status
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8
Q

What are the two components of the universality thesis?

A
  • Facial expression of emotions are consistent across cultures
  • Facials expression of emotions are recognized in the same way across cultures
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9
Q

What was found in smaller scale societies for the universality of emotions?

A
  • Minimal universality
  • Most cultures pointed out the valence (pleasant or unpleasant) and the activation (low vs high arousal)
  • No label of actual emotion
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10
Q

What is emotion?

A
  • A type of reaction of a person to a situation

- 5 components = meaning, subjective experience, state of action readiness, behavior and embodiment

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11
Q

When defining emotion what is the component meaning?

A
  • The person considers the situation to their own values, goals and needs
  • Interprets ability to deal with the situation
  • Positive and negative emotion = harm or satisfy needs, goal or values
  • Emotion is based on meaning
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12
Q

When defining emotion what is the component subjective experience?

A
  • Pleasure versus pain
  • Sense of physiological reactions
  • Sense of wanting to do things
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13
Q

When defining emotion what is the component of action readiness?

A
  • Prepared for fight or flight
  • Prepared for avoidance or approach
  • Can be expressed but not always
  • Tied to expressive behavior
  • linked to physiological reaction
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14
Q

When defining emotion what is the component of behavior?

A
  • Varies a lot across situations
  • The behavior may be that emotional expression is inhibited or exaggerated, in line with normative or cultural expectations
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15
Q

When defining emotion what is the component of embodiment?

A
  • Representation of an emotion episode in memory includes a memory of motor behavior
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16
Q

Is experiencing emotion in the body important?

A
  • If people cant experience the emotion in their body then it will interfere with their subjective emotional experience (people with Botox = less positive reaction)
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17
Q

What are other emotional experiences outside of the core definition of emotion?

A
  • People may experience emotion outside of their awareness
  • People who lost someone may say they are fine but physiological levels say otherwise
  • People who feel shame may not know they are feeling shame
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18
Q

What are the ways to empirically study emotion?

A
  • Emotional experience: induce it in labs or from daily life (retrospective reports)
  • Measure emotion: self report, facial expression, physiological reactions, behavior
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19
Q

Can you experience multiple emotions and when does it happen most typically?

A

Yes and during meaningful events

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20
Q

What is affect intensity?

A

-Disposition to react strongly to emotion eliciting events (positive or negative events) rather than to experience intense affect all the time

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21
Q

Which personality characteristics have strong heritability and are stable in adulthood?

A
  • Neuroticism (experience distress), extraversion (positive affect), conscientiousness and agreeableness
22
Q

How to define mood?

A
  • Watered down version of emotion
  • Mood lasts a longer time,
  • The cause is not quite clear
  • Intensity is not too much
  • Moods are not specific
  • Moods don’t have specific action tendencies but do slightly influence acts and thoughts
23
Q

How can emotion be contrasted with reason?

A
  • Emotions have subjective sense of bodily reactions
  • Emotions are involuntary
  • Subjective sense of wanting to behave a certain way
  • Emotions can get in the way of plans or situational demands
  • Behavior based on emotion can be viewed as impulsive
24
Q

Is emotion viewed as primitive or modern?

A

Primitive

25
Q

Difference between objective and subjective well being?

A
  • Objective: material condition and physical health

- Subjective: how much positive and negative affect, and judgment on life satisfaction (overall or by domain)

26
Q

What is SWB?

A
  • Affect balance is calculated by the person having more positive than negative affect on a day-to-day basis
27
Q

What is the extreme condition for the relation between subjective well being and objective well being?

A
  • People in very difficult conditions such as homelessness (their basic needs are not met)
28
Q

What is the difference between rich and poor countries for SWB?

A
  • In rich countries SWB is not related to income (objective)

- In poor countries the higher the income the more SWB increases (so it is related)

29
Q

What does the curvilinear effect show for rich countries?

A
  • The curve stays relatively flat so the peoples level of satisfaction stays relatively the same and does not really change
30
Q

What matters more in poor countries?

A
  • People in poor countries have higher SWB because they are supported by their religious belief and national pride
31
Q

What is linked to a higher life satisfaction?

A
  • Religion, national pride, free choice (matters most in rich countries)
32
Q

Has the levels of well being climbed? and Why?

A
  • Yes and because people have more free choice and so better economic conditions, democratization, increased social tolerance of other groups
33
Q

What are set points for SWB?

A
  • An average of peoples affect and life satisfaction over time
  • Set points do not override the effects of any specific life conditions, it can change based on those life events
  • Can be determined by genetic background
34
Q

What was higher for better SWB?

A
  • Unique genetic influence via lower neuroticism and higher extraversion
  • genetic influences your SWB ONLY through the Big Five
35
Q

What influenced peoples life satisfaction?

A
  • Income in terms of perceived financial situation and having sense of control
36
Q

Why are people with higher neuroticism less likely to experience negative affect if they had higher levels of social participation?

A
  • Social participation allows people to be distracted from anxiogenic thought and facilitates venting and support
37
Q

What life aspects can be affected negatively long term?

A
  • Not widowhood or unemployment
  • Long term disability
  • People with highs neuroticism react more negatively to events
38
Q

How to examine the impact of major life events on SWB?

A
  • Look at what SWB was like on average before a certain event occurred which allows for better understanding of the effects of the event
39
Q

What determines better SWB in individualistic vs collectivistic cultures?

A
  • Collectivistic cultures = how much they perceive their friends and family to accept them, acceptance (their emotion)
  • Individualistic cultures = self esteem is strong predictor for life satisfaction, their emotions (not acceptance)
40
Q

Who seems to be showing a bias for self enhancement?

A
  • Euro-Americans
  • On daily basis had low life satisfaction, but when asked for overall they scored it as higher
  • Compared to Asian Americans there was no self enhancement bias
41
Q

What was shown in cross-cultural research for people who have higher SWB?

A
  • Control of environment (autonomy)
  • Competency
  • Caring relationships with other (relatedness)
  • In line with Self determination Theory
42
Q

Is SWB a methodological artifact?

A
  • No, because positive responses are found with methods other than direct one shot self-report
43
Q

What is the broaden and build theory?

A
  • All positive emotions can be considered equivalent and all negative emotions can be considered equivalent
44
Q

What does positive emotions do?

A
  • Broaden the information processing that people engage in = wider range of action tendencies
  • More flexible and creative thinking and problem solving
45
Q

What are the long term consequences of building a range of resources?

A
  • Wider range of knowledge
  • Better cardiovascular reactivity, to return faster to baseline after stress
  • Extensive social network
46
Q

What is the broaden effect with positive emotion?

A
  • People pay attention to distractors more so interfere with performance when asked to identify target
  • Use more global form of processing as opposed to local processing (negative emotion = fear & anxiety)
  • Longer fixation to peripheral aspects of image
47
Q

What is the broaden effect with positive emotion for cognition?

A
  • More unusual associations to neutral words
  • More inclusive categories (less amount of categories)
  • More novel problem solving strategies
  • Better performance creativity activities (candle creativity test and remote associates test)
  • Generating larger and varied list of behaviors
48
Q

What is the build effect when it comes to resilience?

A
  • High resilient people have more positive emotions and it helps with cardiovascular recovery and lowers depression scores
49
Q

What are the critiques of the broaden and build theory?

A
  • Confound between valence of emotion and motivational intensity of the emotion
  • Body posture while smiling influences breadth of categorization (low motivation/reclining back and smiling = broader categorization, whereas high motivation/leaning forward = narrow categorization)
  • Sadness = broadening of attention, low motivational intensity
  • Disgust = narrowing of attention, high withdrawal motivational intensity
50
Q

What holds true for the broaden and build theory?

A
  • Positive emotion of low motivational intensity in comparison to negative emotions of high motivational intensity

Emotion (5 decks)

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