Quiz 1

Question 1

Acetaminophen

Answer 1

Class: Anelgesic, antipyretic (fever reducer)
Action: Increases pain threshold and reduces fever by acting on the hypothalamus
Indications: Fever, pain relief
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity and use caution in pt’s w/ liver disease
Side Effects: Nausea/vomiting, hepatotoxicity
Doses (Adult+Pedi):
Adult= 325-650 mg PO every 4-6hrs
Pedi’s= 15 mg/kg PO/PR every 4-6hrs

Question 2

Atropine

Answer 2

Class: Anticholinergic, Parasympatholytic
Action: Inhibits actions of acetylcholine (mostly at muscarinic receptor sites) causing decreasing salivation and bronchial secretions, increased HR, decreased gastric motility
Indications: Hemodynamically unstable bradycardia, Organophosphate or nerve gas poisoning
Contraindications: Tachycardia, hypersensitivity, avoid use w/ hypothermic pt’s, caution in pt’s w/ an active MI and hypoxia
Side Effects: Tachycardia, paradoxical bradycardia if given too slowly or too small of a dose, mydriasis (dilated pupils), dysrhythmias, headache, nausea/vomit, headache, dizziness, flushed skin, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth/nose/skin, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation)
Doses (Adult+Pedi):
Adult=
Bradycardia 0.5mg IV/IO every 3-5 mins
(min dose=0.1mg, max dose=0.5mg)

Organophosphate poisoning 1-5mg IV/IM/IO repeated every 3-5 mins until cessation of bronchial secretions

Pedi’s=
Bradycardia NOT responding to epi–> 0.02 mg/kg IV/IO (min/max dose same as adult)

Organophosphate poisoning (pedi’s<12 y/o) are 0.02-0.05 mg/kg IV/IM/IO may be repeated every 20-30 mins until cessation of bronchial secretions

Question 3

Adenosine

Answer 3

Class: Misc. Antidysrhythmic, Endogenous Nucleoside
Action: Decreases electrical conduction through AV node without causing negative inotropic effects
Indications: Supraventricular tachycardia’s (SVT/PSVT)
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, bradycardia, drug-induced tachycardia, 2nd or 3rd degree heart blocks, A-Fib, A-Flutter, V-Tach, WPW w/ A-Fib/Flutter
Side Effects: Dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, hypotension, flushing, palpitations, chest pain, nausea/vomiting
Doses (Adult+Pedi):
Adult= 6mg rapid IV/IO push followed by 20cc saline flush, may repeat at 12mg rapid IV push followed by 20cc saline flush

Peds= 0.1mg/kg (max=6mg) IV/IO followed by 5-10cc saline flush. May repeat at 0.2mg/kg (max=12mg) IV/IO followed by 5-10cc saline flush

Question 4

Aspirin

Answer 4

Class: Analgesic, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), antipyretic, and anti-platelet
Action: Inhibits prostaglandins involved in the production of inflammation, pain and fever. Dilates peripheral vessels and also inhibits platelet aggregation (WD40 of body) by blocking the formation of thromboxane A2
Indications: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) such as Myocardial Infarction (MI), ischemic chest pain or angina, plus given for mild to moderate fever and pain
Contraindications: GI bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke, active gastric ulcers, bleeding disorders, asthma, hypersensitivity to salicylates, children (Reye’s syndrome)
Side Effects: Stomach irritation, GI bleeding, Nausea/vomit
Doses (Adult+Pedi):

Adult= Milf pain/fever 325-650mg PO every 4 hours. ACS 2-4 baby chewable aspirin 162-324mg or 1 adult aspirin 325mg PO

Peds= Not indicated in pre-hospital setting