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NREMT-P Exam Prep PHARMACOLOGY > Emergency Pharmacology > Flashcards

Emergency Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

Drugs

A

Foreign substances placed into body

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2
Q

Medications

A

Drugs or chemicals used to diagnose, treat, and prevent disease

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3
Q

Pharmacology

A

Study of drugs and their actions on the body

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4
Q

Main sources of drugs

A

Plants, animals, minerals, and laboratory (synthetic)

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5
Q

Schedule I Description

A

-High abuse potential
-May lead to severe dependence
-No accepted medical indications
-Used for research, analysis, and instruction only

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6
Q

Schedule II Description

A

-High abuse potential
-May lead to severe dependence
-Accepted medical indications

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7
Q

Schedule III Description

A

-Less abuse potential than I and II
-May lead to moderate/low physical dependence or high psych dependence
-Accepted medical indications

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8
Q

Schedule IV Description

A

-Low abuse potential compared to III
-Limited psych and/or physical dependence
-Accepted medical indications

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9
Q

Schedule V

A

-Lower abuse potential than IV
-May lead to limited physical or psych dependence
-Accepted medical indications

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10
Q

Six Rights of Medication Administration

A
  1. Right medication
  2. Right dose
  3. Right time
  4. Right route
  5. Right patient
  6. Right documentation
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11
Q

Pregnancy Risk Categories

A

A–>D and X
Sliding scale least risk A to highest risk to fetus X

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12
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

How drugs transported into and out of body

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13
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Drug effects once they reach target issues

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14
Q

Biotransformation

A

Metabolism of drugs

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15
Q

Parenteral (definition)

A

Routes of medication administration into body without going through the digestive tract

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16
Q

Enteral (definition)

A

Administration of a drug via the GI tract

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17
Q

Agonist

A

Binds to receptor site, cause it to initiate expected response

18
Q

Antagonist

A

Binds to site, do not cause receptor to initiate expected response

19
Q

Duration of action

A

Length of time amount of drug remains effective

20
Q

Termination of action

A

Drug’s level drops below minimum effective concentration

21
Q

Therapeutic index

A

Drug’s margin of safety

22
Q

Analgesic

A

Medication that relieves sensation of pain

23
Q

Analgesia

A

Absence of sensation of pain

24
Q

Anesthesia

A

Absence of all sensation

25
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Nervous disorder caused by destruction of dopamine-releasing neurons in substantial nigra (controlling fine movements)

26
Q

Pharmacological therapy for Parkinson’s Disease

A

Restore balance of dopamine and acetylcholine

(Levodopa, sinemet)

27
Q

Cholinergic

A

Synapses that use acetylcholine as neurotransmitter

28
Q

Adrenergic

A

Synapses that use norepinephrine as neurotransmitter

29
Q

Cranial Nerves

A
  1. Ooh– Olfactory
  2. Ooh– Optic
  3. Ooh– Oculomotor
  4. To– Trochlear
  5. Touch– Trigeminal
  6. And– Abducens
  7. Feel– Facial
  8. Very– Vestibulocochlear (Auditory)
  9. Good– Glossopharyngeal
  10. Velvet– Vagus
  11. Such– Spinal Accessory
  12. Heaven– Hypoglossal
30
Q

Stimulation of Parasympathetic NS=

A

-Pupillary constriction
-Reduced HR/Cardiac contractile force
-Secretion by digestive glands
-Bronchoconstriction

31
Q

Parasympathetic System ACh Receptors

A

Nicotinic- Nicotine is agonist
Muscarinic- Muscarine (toxic alkaloid found in some mushrooms) is agonist

32
Q

Muscarinic Symptoms

A

Red as a beet, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, mad as a hatter

33
Q

SLUDGE

A

ANS Reactions
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
GI motility
Emesis

34
Q

Parasympatholytic Medications

A

Atropine- Indicated for bradychardia, antidote for organophosphate poisoning, premedication for RSI

Ipratropium Atrovent- Indicated for bronchospasm associated with lung disease (asthma, COPD)

These selectively block muscarinic receptors inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation

35
Q

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

A

Succinylcholine Anectine- Indicated for RSI. Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Vecuronium Norcuron- Indicated for RSI. Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker.

Rocuronium Zemuron- Indicated for RSI. Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker.

36
Q

Stimulation of Sympathetic NS=

A

-Stimulation of secretion by sweat glands
-Constriction of blood vessels in skin
-Increase in blood flow to skeletal muscles
-Increase in HR and cardiac contractility
-Bronchodilation
-Stimulation of energy production

37
Q

Adrenergic Receptors (four types)

A

Alpha 1 and 2
Beta 1-3

38
Q

Sympathomimetics

A

Stimulate sympathetic NS

39
Q

Sympatholytics

A

Inhibit sympathetic NS

40
Q

Normal Saline vs. Lactated Ringers for hypovolemia. What is the advantage of using LR?

A

LR helps decrease acidosis in a hypovolemic pt.

NREMT-P Exam Prep PHARMACOLOGY (10 decks)

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