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OTA 125 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Immovable

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2
Q

Gomphosis

A

between teeth. Underlying mandibular and maxillary

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3
Q

Syndesmosis

A

long fibrous connective tissue firmly attach the 2 bones together. (distal radioulnar and tibiofibular joints)

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4
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

joins 2 bones together with cartilaginous connective tissue

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5
Q

Synovial Joints (Diarthrodial)

A

joint capsule

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6
Q

Nonaxial

A
  • Movements not in a specific plane or axis
  • articulations between carpal and tarsal bones
    sliding movements
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7
Q

Uniaxial Joints

A

Movement around 1 axis

  • Hinge joints
  • pivot joints
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8
Q

Hinge Joints

A
  • Sagittal plane around frontal axis
  • Bones prevent movements in other planes and axes
  • elbow joint (between ulna and humerus), knee, interphalangeal joints
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9
Q

Biaxial Joints

A
  • Condyloidal (supported on all sides by ligaments and tendons without additional bony support)
  • Saddle (between trapezium and 1st metacarpal bone)
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10
Q

triaxial joint

A
  • ball and socket
  • most injured joints in body
  • sound ligaments and numerous muscle tendons exist on all sides to help strengthen and reinforce the joint
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11
Q

Parallel Muscles

A
  • Strap muscles
  • Fusiform muscles
  • Rhomboidal muscles
  • Triangular muscles
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12
Q

Oblique Muscles

A
  • Unipennate muscles
  • Bipennate muscles
  • Multipennate muscles
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13
Q

Parallel Muscles give you more

A

range of motion

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14
Q

Oblique Muscles give you more

A

force

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15
Q

Characteristics of Muscles include

A
  • Normal resting length
  • Irritability
  • Contractility
  • Extensibility
  • Elasticity
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16
Q

Normal resting length

A

Length of an unstimulated muscle

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17
Q

irritability

A

ability to respond to a stimulus

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18
Q

Contractility

A

Ability to contract (shorten, stay the same, or lengthen) Ex: Slinky

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19
Q

Extensibility

A

Ability to lengthen or stretch

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20
Q

Elasticity

A

Ability to recoil (return to normal resting length)

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21
Q

Relationship in muscle tone include

A
  • Tension
  • Tone
  • Excursion
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22
Q

Tension

A

Force built up within a muscle (can be passive or active)

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23
Q

Tone

A

Slight tension that is present in muscle at all times (a state of readiness)

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24
Q

Excursion

A

Distance from max elongation to max shortening

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25
Q

Why is stretching preformed?

A

Stretching lengthens resting length of a muscle. Always should be preformed on relaxed muscles

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26
Q

Active Insufficiency

A

The point at which a muscle cannot shorten any farther

Occurs to the agonist

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27
Q

Calculation of stretching

A
  • A muscle is able to shorten to ~ 1/2 its resting length
  • It can be stretched about 1.5x as far as it can be shortened
    ex: 6” muscle
    shortened to 3”
    lengthened to 9”
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28
Q

Passive Insufficiency

A

Muscle can’t be elongated any further without damage to the fibers
occurs to the antagonist

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29
Q

Stretching is when the muscle gets

A

longer

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30
Q

Contracting is when the muscle gets

A

shorter

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31
Q

Wrist flexion automatically puts your fingers in

A

extension

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32
Q

Tenodesis

A

(Tendon action of a muscle)

use with a person with quadriplegia that does not have active grasp/release

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33
Q

Types of muscle contractions include

A
  • Isometric contraction
  • Isotonic contraction
  • Isokinetic contraction
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34
Q

Isometric

A
  • force without changing size
  • muscle stays the same length
  • Muscle contracts and produces force without changing the length of the muscle
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35
Q

Isotonic Contractions

A

–Concentric - shorter
shortening contraction-length of the muscle becomes shorter
–Eccentric - longer
lengthening controlled contraction results in muscle being longer

36
Q

Isokinetic contraction

A

-resistance varies but velocity or speed stays the same

37
Q

concentric

A

contraction

38
Q

eccentric

A

extension

39
Q

Gravity

A
  • when you put a person in a supine position you minimize effects of gravity
  • muscle contractions are still concentric
40
Q

Roles of Muscles Include

A
  • Agonist
  • Synergist
  • Antagonist
  • Stabilizer
  • Neutralizer
  • Cocontraction
41
Q

Agonist

A

Prime Mover

42
Q

Synergist

A

Assist the agonist/Helper

43
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposite side of the joint from the agonist

44
Q

Stabilizer

A

Muscle or muscle groups assist the agonist by steadily contracting to “balance” the body or body part against the force of contracting muscles.

45
Q

Neutralizer

A

Act to prevent unwanted movements. Allows a muscle to perform more than one action. (flex and extend while also supinating and pronating)

46
Q

Cocontraction

A

When agonist and antagonist contract at the same time

47
Q

What type of Kinetic Chain is lying in bed with your arm in the air

A

Open chain- Distal segment is free to move

48
Q

What type of Kinetic Chain is lying in bed with arm in the air holding a overhead trapeze

A

Closed Chain- Distal segment is fixed

49
Q

Closed Kinetic Chain

A

Distal segment fixed (closed) proximal segment moves

50
Q

Open Kinetic Chain

A

Distal segment free to move (open) proximal segment can remain stationary

51
Q

Kinetic Chain

A

Only occurs with hands and feet

52
Q

Closed Chain exercise equipment include

A
  • wheelchair pushups
  • rowing machine
  • stationary bike
53
Q

Open Chain exercise equipment Include

A
  • free weights
54
Q

When the humerus moves in the glenoid fossa, the moving joint surfaces are:

A

Convex on Concave

55
Q

When performing open-chain elbow flexion, what is the configuration of the joint surfaces?

A

Concave on Convex

56
Q

An individual experienced a distal humerus fracture and was immobilized for 6 weeks. The person now presents with limited range of motion. When planning how to help this person improve elbow flexion, the arthrokinematic motion that would be most helpful is:

A

Glide ulna anterior on the humerus

57
Q

In open kinetic chain, forearm pronation is associated with:

A

shoulder internal rotation

58
Q

When viewing the phalanx, one would note that all proximal articulating surfaces are:

A

Concave

59
Q

When viewing the phalanx, one would note that all distal articulating surfaces are:

A

Convex

60
Q

Performing elbow extension to full range of motion is what type of end feel?

A

Hard

61
Q

Performing shoulder horizontal adduction to full range of motion is what type of end feel?

A

Soft

62
Q

Performing shoulder flexion to full range of motion is what type of end feel?

A

Firm

63
Q

When the proximal carpals move on the distal radius, the respective joint surfaces are:

A

Convex on Concave

64
Q

Force

A
  • One Object must act on another to create a force

- Movement occurs when one side pushes or pulls harder than the other

65
Q

Newton’s First Law Of Motion

A
  • An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion
  • Law of Inertia
66
Q

Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A
  • Law of acceleration
  • The amount of acceleration depends on the strength of the force applied to an object
  • An object with greater mass will accelerate less than the object with less mass
67
Q

Newton’s Third Law of Motion

A
  • Law of action-reaction
  • For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
  • The strength of the reaction is equal to the strength of the action
68
Q

Types of force

A
  • Linear Force
  • Parallel Force
  • Concurrent forces
  • Force couple
69
Q

Linear Force

A

-when 2 or more forces are acting along the same line

70
Q

Parallel Force

A
  • force occurs in the same plane and in same or opposite direction
  • Ex: high and low force in one direction / middle force in opposite direction
71
Q

Concurrent forces

A
  • 2 or more forces must act on a common point bit must pull or push in different directions
  • Ex: Moving furniture
72
Q

Force Couple

A
  • 2 or more forces act in different directions resulting in a turning effect
  • Ex: 2 children pushing a merry-go-round in opposite directions
73
Q

Torque

A
  • the ability of force to produce rotation around an axis (rotary force)
  • Ex: A wrench demonstrates torque, the twisting force exerted by the wrench can be increased either by:
    1. Increasing force applied to the handle or
    2. Increasing length of the handle
74
Q

Gravity

A
  • the mutual attraction between earth and an object
75
Q

gravitational force

A
  • always directed vertically downward toward center of earth
76
Q

Equilibrium

A
  • Stable: when object is in a position where disturbing it would require its center of gravity to be raised
  • Unstable: when only a slight force is needed to disturb it (small base of support)
  • Neutral: center of gravity is unchanged when object is disturbed
77
Q

Levers (terms to know)

A
  • lever
  • fulcrum/axis
  • force / (F)
  • resistance
78
Q

Lever

A

Rigid and rotates around a fixed point (human bone)

79
Q

Fulcrum / Axis

A

Fixed point that lever rotates around (joint)

80
Q

Force / (F)

A

effort that causes lever arm to move (muscle(

81
Q

resistance

A

load that must be overcome for motion to occur

82
Q

Center of gravity

A

~3 fingers below your bellybutton

83
Q

First-Class Levers

A
  • Fulcrum is between force and resistance
  • When a segment of the body requires balance for optimal performance
  • Right Sternocleidomastoid muscle provides force and Gravity & Left Sternocleidomastoid muscle provides resistance.
  • AXIS IS IN MIDDLE
    ex: Teder todder
84
Q

Second-class levers

A
  • resistance is closer to the fulcrum than the force
  • least common in the body
  • larger weights can be moved by smaller force
  • Produces force-large resistance
  • can be moved by a relatively small force
  • LOAD IS IN MIDDLE
    Ex: wheelbarrow
85
Q

Third-Class Lever

A
  • Force is applied closer to Fulcrum than to resistance
  • smaller amounts of resistance moved by larger amounts of force
  • allows body to move an object for a greater amount of time over a greater distance
  • most levers in body are third class
    -FORCE IS IN MIDDLE
    Ex: Fishing pole

OTA 125 (2 decks)

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