Quiz 1

Question 1

Membrane potential

Answer 1

The charge difference across the plasma membrane

Question 2

Synapse

Answer 2

A junction at the end of an axon where it stimulates another cell

Question 3

Myelin

Answer 3

A lipid sheath around a nerve fiber

Question 4

Somatic sensory

Answer 4

Carries signals from receptors in the skin, muscles, bones, and joints

Question 5

Visceral sensory

Answer 5

Carries signals mainly from the viscera of the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 6

Interneurons

Answer 6

A neuron that is contained entirely in the central nervous system

Question 7

Dendrite

Answer 7

Extension of a neuron that receives information from other cells

Question 8

Axon

Answer 8

AKA nerve fiber; the portion of a nerve cell that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body

Question 9

Cell body

Answer 9

The spherical part of a neuron that contains the nucleus

Question 10

Neuroglia cells

Answer 10

All cells of nervous tissue except neurons

Question 11

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer 11

An active transport mechanism in the plasma membrane that used ATP

Question 12

Current

Answer 12

A moving stream of charged particles such as ions or electrons

Question 13

Action potential

Answer 13

A dramatic change produced by voltage-gated ion channels in the plasma membrane

Question 14

Nerve impulse

Answer 14

A wave of self-propagating action potentials traveling along a nerve fiber

Question 15

Local potential

Answer 15

Produced by gated channels on the dendrites and soma

Question 16

Neurotransmitter

Answer 16

A chemical released at the distal end of an axon that stimulates an adjacent cell

Question 17

Spinal nerves

Answer 17

Arise from the spinal cord and supply branches to muscles below the neck

Question 18

Cranial nerves

Answer 18

Arise from the base of the brain and innervate muscles of the head and neck

Question 19

Spinal reflex

Answer 19

Plays vital roles in posture, motor coordination, and protective responses to pain or injury

Question 20

Dermatome

Answer 20

Areas of skin that send signals to the brain through the spinal nerves

Question 21

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 21

A division of the autonomic nervous system that issues efferent fibers through the thoracic and lumbar nerves and usually exerts adrenergic effects on its target organs

Question 22

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 22

A division of the autonomic nervous system that issues efferent fibers through the cranial and sacral nerves and exerts cholinergic effects on its target organs

Question 23

Afferent neuron

Answer 23

Specialized to detect stimuli such as light, heat, pressure, and chemicals

Question 24

Efferent neuron

Answer 24

Send signals mainly to muscle and gland cells