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Modern Studies > Quick revision for China! > Flashcards

Quick revision for China! Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 political institutions?

A
  • Nationals peoples congress
  • The Chinese Communist party
  • The politburo
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2
Q

What is the membership for the CCP?

A

82.6 million

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3
Q

Who is the leader of the CCP?

A

Deng Xi-ping

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4
Q

How are people allowed to join the CCP?

A

Recommended by 2 or more people, however, you must still go through tough examinations to be excepted.

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5
Q

What % of the Chinese population is in the CCP?

A

6.2%

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6
Q

What % of the CCP is women?

A

20%

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7
Q

What is the benefits of people being part of the CCP?

A

Their children get better schooling, and they are seen as better than people around them. However, some parents who’s children do not get better schooling try to bribe the teachers for their child to either sit down the front of the class or get better treatment.

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8
Q

What is the membership of the politburo?

A

24

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9
Q

How many people are in the standing committee of the politburo?

A

9 member standing committee. no one knows who they are as they are anonymous

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10
Q

What happens once they make a decision in the politburo?

A

Once a decision is made they bind to it and do not change their mind.

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11
Q

What is seen to take part in private behind closed doors of the politburo?

A

Fights are seen to take place but in private, over disagreements over a decision being made.

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12
Q

When did the politburo make one of their arguments public?

A

In 1998, when arguments took place regarding the Tiananmen square protests.

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13
Q

What party is seen to be the most powerful organ of the state?

A

The national peoples congress

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14
Q

How many delegates are part of The Nationals Peoples Congress?

A

3,000

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15
Q

How are people elected in The National people congress?

A

Chinas provinces

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16
Q

How long do delegates hold office for?

A

5 years

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17
Q

What % of the Nationals Peoples Congress is also part of a party?

A

70% and almost all its senior figures, their loyalty is to the party first and then the NPC.

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18
Q

In what ways can China participate in politics?

A
  • Joining the CCP
  • Voting in elections
  • Campaigning during elections
  • Taking part in protests and demonstrations
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19
Q

What year did Deng Xiaoping take power?

A

1978

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20
Q

How long do people spend in the probation period while joining the CCP?

A

1 year probation, until then they can not call themselves an official member of the CCP.

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21
Q

What year did the CCP reach 82.6 million?

A

2011

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22
Q

What age are people allowed to vote in china?

A

18 years old to have the right to vote.

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23
Q

What voting system is used to vote in China?

A

First past the post (FPTP)

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24
Q

How often are elections held?

A

Elections are held every 3 years, after a village election the winner is asked to join the CCP.

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25
Q

In what ways can people campaign during elections?

A
  • Door to door visits
  • Posters and banners
  • badges
  • mega zones
  • public speeches can also take place where the candidate will try and persuade new people to join their side.
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26
Q

How long before an election are people allowed to campaign?

A

2 weeks before an election.

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27
Q

What must people not do while campaigning?

A

using logos, symbols and party colours.

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28
Q

Why do people protest?

A

When people in china disagree or feel they have been poorly judged and treated in society.

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29
Q

What are people not allowed to protest against in china?

A

They are not allowed to protest against the CCP. If you are too you can find your self in long jail sentences or prison camps.

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30
Q

Where are Special Economic Zones?

A

Beijing, Shanghai, Xiamen, Shantou, Shenzhen

31
Q

How many people live in Shenzhen?

A

over 12 million people

32
Q

information on Shenzhen?

A

Just over 30 years ago, it was a small fishing village. In 1979, under the leadership of Deng, it became the first SEZ. It is now the largest manufacturing base in the world and the southern China’s major financial centre.
It is close to Hong Kong and this has been the reason for its growth. The cost of living Shenzhen is considerably lower than living in Hong Kong.

33
Q

What is the house hold responsibility system?

A

Each family is independently responsible for managing a plot of land. Each plot of land is contracted with the government. The land is leased for a certain amount of time and they can chose what they want to grow on it however, they are restricted as to what they can grow. Many people who are only leasing ground for a year decide not to take pride in their land however, if they are leasing it for longer (5 years) they take more pride in their land ( such as putting down fertilisers to protect crop )

34
Q

What are the four Modernizations?

A
  1. Development in agriculture
  2. Industry
  3. Science and Technology
  4. Defense/ army
35
Q

What is meant by the development in agriculture?

A

This is where machines were brought in instead of using humans to do all the farming. Modern pesticides and fertilisers were brought in to produce more stock and allow food to last longer.

36
Q

What was meant by industry?

A

This was all concentration on improving heavy industries.
Over 55 billion Yen was invested into these.
That plan was found out to be too ambitious so changes had to be made.
This led to rapid developments in the chemical, textile, metal and engineering industries which created greater efficiency and productivity.

37
Q

What is meant by technology and science?W

A

This is where they used science and technology to help transport raw materials from one place to another. Money was put forward to encourage people to study science in school. Schools and universities were told to persuade people to get qualifications so they could discover modern technology.

38
Q

What is meant by the defense and the army modernisation?

A

This is where all guns or equipment used was kept up to date and as far as possible however more money had to be invested into that. China has the largest army in the world however some of its technology is out of date. It was estimated that the government spent over 10% trying to build up its machinery.

39
Q

What does china consume more of than any other nation?

A

steel, coal, meat and grain

40
Q

in 2006 what was special about chinas creations?

A

80% of the worlds consumer electronics were made in china.

41
Q

What was the difference on the one child policy between city and countryside before it became the two child policy?

A

In the city ( where most people live now) the Chinese population were only allowed one child regardless, however, if you were living in the country side you have been allowed a second child but this was only given to people if their first child was a GIRL.

42
Q

What year did the one child policy start?

A

1979

43
Q

What year was the two child policy introduced?

A

2015

44
Q

What may be a benefit of having a second child?

A

Having children in China costs a lot of money. Many think that having a second child would ruin their life’s as they just don’t have the money to pay for it. In china education and employment is something you have to fight for and having to juggle having two children in education and the same time you going to work would not be beneficial for some.

45
Q

Why did the two child policy arise?

A

Since the one child policy began the aging population was rising, by introducing the two child policy was China’s call for more money and new beginnings as a huge decrease happened with china’s population when the one child policy cane about so the thought of the two child policy was set to rise China’s population again.

46
Q

How many million do men out number women in China?

A

34 million

47
Q

What would happen before if parents were seen to have more than one child?

A

Heavy fines could be charged for over thousands of pounds and forced abortion has also been seen to have been used.

48
Q

Where is the best place to get internet access in China?

A

4/5 star hotels in China such as shanghai supply wifi and also the coffee shop starbucks is the best choice for wifi. However, many cafes stopped offering internet because of the new cost regulations. Chinas wifi works a little more slowly than the rest of the world.

49
Q

What is internet like in rural areas?

A

Limited or almost no connection. The more remote the place the more limited you are to internet.

50
Q

Is their any restrictions as to what people can do on china’s wifi?

A

Some pages are blocked or are very slow to access so many people give up. Changes happen very quickly in China and sometimes people have to be patient with that. China usually restrict social media such as twitter and Facebook and are restricted in mainland China.
However, in Hongkong you will get normal access to these accounts.

51
Q

where is Tibet?

A

Tibet is currently a separate country from China.

52
Q

What happened to Tibet?

A

Was raided and taken over by the Chinese rule. The Chinese claim they had a right to that land all along as China owns it.

53
Q

What don’t the Chinese like about the Tibetans?

A

How they are so religious and are incredibly loyal to the Dali Lama

54
Q

What do we know about the number of people executed in China?

A

We do not know numbers as China keep this as a secret, we know it to be in the thousands but china chose not to tell.

55
Q

What can happen to people when they are sent to work camps (Laogai)?

A
  • Routinely beaten or tortured
  • denied food, small portions of food and hardl an
  • contact with friends and family
  • forced to work, often in dangerous or unhealthy jobs
56
Q

What is estimated about the tea produced in China?

A

It is estimated that over one quarter of tea is produced in China’s work camps.

57
Q

What is bad about shanty towns?

A
  • Overcrowding - The settlement has a high population density
  • Fires - Fires can spread quickly
  • Competition for jobs - Jobs are in short supply
  • Disease - Poor sanitation and limited health care can lead to the spear of harmful diseases.
  • Lack of space - The newest and poorest arrivals may be forced to live on the worst land with the worst living conditions.
  • Infrastructure - services are poor, public transport is limited and connections to the electricity supply can be limited and sometimes dangerous.
58
Q

When was the Hukou system created?

A

In 1958

59
Q

Why was the Hukou system created?

A

To ensure social, political and economic stability.

60
Q

Who did the hukou system benefit?

A

People living in Urban areas.

61
Q

How many people graduated from collage in 2013?

A

6.9 million

62
Q

What is unfair about the employment in China?

A

There is more and more people qualifying for university and collage each year. After all this happens they leave looking for a job, there is to many people looking for a job at the one time as in 2013 229,000 people in Bejing graduated yet there were only 98,000 jobs available for graduates.

63
Q

What are problems in Chinas employment?

A
  • To many over qualified citizens
  • Over crowding
  • Salaries given are relatively low
64
Q

How many people earned less that 2,000 yuan a month in their first job?

A

69% of workers were shown to earn less 2,000 yuan a month on their first job. Which is only 208 pound

65
Q

What is the government responses to employment in China?

A
  • To make the graduates better equipped to deal with today’s job market
  • It suggested creating a registration system where people who were unemployed would get notices of new jobs so they could try and begin working.
  • Have councilor sessions with people who are unemployed to give them hope to keep looking and tell them what the current labour life is like. They would also here be able to have mock interviews with them to let them become interview ready.
66
Q

What are the main problems in education in china?

A
  • The divide between rural and urban.
  • How bad the living conditions and working conditions are that people living in rural areas do not have enough money to attend school.
  • Hukou system, for migrant workers their children have less access to schooling and social services outside their home so they have to pay extra just for their child to get into school. Because they earn so little all their money goes towards helping and supporting their children. These children can only attend regular schools not high end schools and this is after their parents have paid extra.
  • Overcrowding
67
Q

What percentage of students can not finish their schooling in rural areas because of money?

A

25%

68
Q

What is bad about overcrowding in schools in china?

A 
Parents pay extra for something called the 'front seat' where the parents will pay the school or sometimes the teacher directly for their child to be sitting in a prime position in the class to make sure they get the best education they can. 
- Another bad thing about overcrowding is that the pay in urban schools for teachers is considerably higher so teachers in rural schools may leave to work in the urban cities which will be a disadvantage for the rural as they may find themselves with worse teachers, or less teachers for help.
69
Q

What are the government responses to education in China?

A
  • making school mandatory until the age of 9
  • the government said it would pay for children to go to school up until the age of 6
  • the CCP have now allowed private schools to be set up to deal with overcrowding however they are watched very carefully.
70
Q

What are sanitation problems in china?

A
  • Unequal access to clean water
  • Schools not having water supplies
  • More care in urban than in rural from if you get sick from poor sanitation.
71
Q

Statistics of poor sanitation in China?

A
  • 33.47% children are growing up without clean and safe water in poor house holds. While the households who were not poor were 14.56% unsafe water.
  • in 2008 more than 16% of schools nationally were without a water supply.
  • two thirds of schools lacked hand-washing facilities.
  • unsafe water and poor sanitation and hygiene accounted for 62,800 deaths in 2005.
72
Q

What were the government responses to sanitation in China?

A
  • save the children charity to help sanitation problems
  • in the last 10 years 712 million people on china have had access to drinkable water due to save the children
  • 99% of shanghai with clean water but on 23% in Tibet.
73
Q

What are problems with health care in China?

A
  • to expensive for the poor
  • rural areas are harder hit
  • no health clinics in reach
  • state owned enterprises have gone out of business causing clinics to close.
  • over-prescribing unnecessary procedures.
74
Q

government responses to health care in chin?

A
  • attends to make healthcare affordable for people in rural areas
  • 40% of peoples health care to be paid by the local government
  • if patients go to small clinics in their towns the government will pay up to 70/80% of all fees. If a patient goes to a clinic in the country side that percentage falls to 60%
  • If a patient requires a specialist modern hospital that percentage falls to around 30%
  • allowing graduates to work in rural cities for part of their probation will which help health care in china and also give the new doctors practice and experience.

Modern Studies (4 decks)

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