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Physical Geography A-level > Quick revision > Flashcards

Quick revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 types of currents?

A

rip currents
upwelling

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2
Q

what are rip currents

A

strong currents which flow away from the shoreline

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3
Q

What is upwelling

A

the movement of cold water form the deep ocean to the surface

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4
Q

How many high and low tides a day

A

2 of each a day

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5
Q

How many neap and spring tides a month?

A

2 of each a month

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6
Q

What other elements can affect tides

A

shape of seabed, coriolis effect

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7
Q

What is tidal range

A

difference in hight between high and low tide

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8
Q

What causes storm surges?

A

due to low-pressure created by atmospheric depressions

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9
Q

What is cavitation?

A

form of erosion where air bubbles trapped in water are compressed into small pieces

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10
Q

What happens during cavitation?

A

waves hit cliff and air bubbled forced into cracks in rock face pressure compresses air bubbles forcing them into solution. As waves retreats, pressure is reduced and air comes out of solution, causing micro-detentions, enlarges crack

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11
Q

What is carbonation?

A

type of chemical weathering that takes place when its warm and wet

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12
Q

How does carbonation work?

A

CO2 dissolves in rain making it a weak carbonic acid.The acidic rain water dissolves types of rock that contain calcium carbonate

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13
Q

What is salt weathering

A

main type of mechanical weathering where salt water gets into cracks in rock, salt crystals form when seawater evaporates, crystals expand and put pressure on the rocks

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14
Q

How many sediment cells are there in the uk

A

11

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15
Q

What is a discordant coast line

A

Alternating bands of soft and hard 90* to the coast

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16
Q

What is a concordant coastline

A

alternating bands of soft and hard rock parallel to coast

17
Q

What is a Dalmatian coast

A

made up of offshore islands running parallel to coastline

18
Q

What kind of waves are responsible for the formation of wave-cut notch

A

destructive waves hitting the bottom of the cliff

19
Q

Describe the different dunes

A

mobile dune near water (embryo,fore,yellow) and fixed dunes further back (grey dunes and dune slacks)

20
Q

What type of vegetation is found in embryo and foredunes

A

sea rocket- have deep roots that can tolerate high concentrations of salt

21
Q

What type of vegetation is found in yellow dunes

A

marram grass-long, deep roots are sea tolerant

22
Q

What type of vegetation is found in grey dunes

A

heathers, bc of higher rates of humus

23
Q

What is flocculation?

A

process where fine particles clump together

24
Q

How does a mudflat become a salt marsh

A

through succession when pioneer species roots stabilise mud, build up leading to creeks and rivers,rises above sea level

25
Q

What causes emergent coastlines?

A

isostatic rebound

26
Q

What features do emergent coastlines form

A

raised beaches, fossil cliffs

27
Q

What featured do a submergent coastline form

A

rias, fjord, Dalmatian coasts

28
Q

What is a ria?

A

flooded river valley

29
Q

What is a fjord

A

flooded glacial valley, creating u-shaped valley

30
Q

What is strata

A

different characteristics of rock

31
Q

What happens at steeper coasts in terms of erosion

A

more erosion bc more water directed to land

32
Q

Some rock type factors that effect landslips and slumping

A

-Competent or uncompetent rock
-Porosity or permeability
-angle of bedding planes
-if ground is wet

33
Q

What happens at competent rocks

A

slipping

34
Q

What happens at uncompetent rocks?

A

slumping

35
Q

What is needed to create an offshore bar

A

low energy environment

36
Q

How is an offshore bar formed

A

sand taken off beach, when water deep enough , drops sediment where still zone starts

37
Q

What are the 2 kinds of spits

A

simple and compound

Physical Geography A-level (4 decks)

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