2023 past paper Flashcards
Outline the purpose of a flood hydrograph.
A flood hydrograph shows how a river’s water level changes after a storm (1). It helps to see how much water is flowing in the river at different times, usually measured in cumecs (1). By looking at past hydrographs, we can tell if a flood might happen again (1). This helps people prepare, like putting up barriers or warning river users to stay safe (1d).
What is carbon sequestration
process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂). It’s a critical part of the carbon cycle and plays an important role in mitigating the impacts of climate change.
Outline processes of mass movement at the coastline (4 marks)
Mass movement is the downhill movement of sediment under gravity (1). At coastlines, this often happens after rain saturates the ground, reducing friction.
One process is rotational slumping, where saturated clay or weak rock moves downhill along a curved slip plane (1). This creates a stepped or terraced cliff profile (d).
Another process is rockfall, which occurs when weathered rock detaches from steep cliffs and falls vertically to the base (1). The fallen material often forms a scree slope at the bottom (d).
Evaluate the usefulness of the standard deviation calculation in Figure 5 (3 marks)
The standard deviation (SD) gives an indication of how spread out the data is around the mean (1). In this case, the relatively large SD suggests more spread out and possible presence of extreme values, which reduces the reliability of the mean as a measure of central tendency (d).
However, without a second data set to compare, such as tidal data from another coastline, the SD on its own is less useful, as we can’t evaluate whether the variability is high or low in a wider context (d).
Points for assess the
sustainability of mangrove forests in coastal management.
-mitigates flooding and storm surges(buffer)
-shelter for fish
-mangrove protection under integrates coastal zone management plan
