Quick Quizzes 11 - 20 Flashcards
Archetype
(AHR kuh type) n an original model or pattern
similar to prototype, which is a first tentative model that will be improved later
An archetype is usually something that precedes something else. Plato is the archetype of all philosophers.
Ardent
(AHR dunt) adj passionate; enthusiastic
Larry’s ardent wooing finally got on Cynthia’s nerves, and she told him to get lost.
Arduous
(AHR joo us) adj hard; difficult
Climbing the mountain was arduous. We were so exhausted when we got to the top that we forgot to enjoy the view.
Aristocratic
(uh ris tuh KRAT ik) adj of noble birth; snobbish
Prince Charles is aristocratic. He is a member of the British aristocracy. Polo, which Prince Charles enjoys, is often said to be an aristocratic sport because it is typically played by privileged people.
see book for further explanations.
Artful
(AHRT ful) adj crafty; wily; sly
After dinner, the artful counselor told the campers that there was a madman loose in the woods, thus causing them to lie quietly in the tent.
Someone who is artless , on the other hand, is simple and honest.
Artifice
(AHRT uh fus) n a clever trick; cunning
The Trojan Horse was an artifice designed to get the soldiers inside the walls of Troy.
Ascendancy
(uh SEN dun see) n supremacy; domination
Small computers have been in ascendancy for the past few years.
Ascetic
(uh SET ik) adj hermitlike; practicing self-denial
The college professor’s apartment, which contained no furniture except a single tattered mattress, was uncomfortably ascetic. Ascetic can also be a noun. A person who leads an ascetic existence is an ascetic.
(A similar sounding word with a very different meaning is aesthetic. Don’t get them confused).
Assiduous
(uh SIJ oo us) adj hardworking; busy; quite diligent
Wendell was the only assiduous student in the entire math class; all the other students had to copy their homework from him.
Assimilate
(uh SIM uh layt) v to take in; to absorb; to learn thoroughly
To assimilate an idea is to take it in as thoroughly as if you had eaten it. (Your body assimilates nutrients from the food you eat.) Audrey didn’t have any friends when she first went to the new church, but she was gradually assimilated–she became part of the new community.
Assuage
(uh SWAYJ) v to soothe; to pacify; to ease the pain of; to relieve
The thunderstorm made the baby cry, but I assuaged her fears by singing her a lullaby.
Astute
(uh STOOT) adj shrewd; keen in judgment
Melissa was an astute judge of character; she was very good at seeing what people are really like.
Atheist
(AY thee ist) n one who does not believe in the existence of any god or divine being
Warren had always imagined a big religious wedding, but Emma, a life-long atheist, preferred a Vegas elopement.
Attrition
(uh TRISH un) n gradual wearing away, weakening, or loss; a natural or expected decrease in numbers or size
Mr. Gregory did not have the heart to fire his workers even though his company was losing millions each year. He altruistically preferred to lose workers through attrition when they moved away, retired, or decided to change jobs.
Audacity
(aw DAS uh tee) n boldness; reckless daring; impertinence
Edgar’s soaring leap off the top of the building was an act of great audacity.
Ivan had the audacity to tell that nice old lady to shut up.
A person with audacity is said to be audacious.
Bert made the audacious decision to climb Mt. Everest in bowling shoes.
Augment
(awg MENT) v to make bigger; to add to; to increase
The army augmented its attack by sending in a few thousand more soldiers.
Auspicious
(aw SPISH us) adj favorable; promising; pointing to a good result
A clear sky in the morning is an auspicious sign on the day of a picnic.
Austere
(aw STEER) adj unadorned; stern; forbidding; without excess
The Smiths’ house was austere; there was no furniture in it, and there was nothing hanging on the walls.
The noun austerity is generally used to mean roughly the same thing as poverty. To live in austerity is to live without comforts.
Autocratic
(aw tuh KRAT ik) adj ruling with absolute authority; extremely bossy
A two year old can be very autocratic–he wants what he wants when he wants it.
An autocrat is an absolute ruler. He rules an Autocracy a system in which the people don’t get a say.
Autonomous
(aw TAHN uh mus) adj acting independently
The West Coast office of the law firm was quite autonomous; it never asked the East Coast office for permission before it did anything.
An autonomous nation is one that is independent–it governs itself. It is said to have autonomy. To act autonomously is to act on your own authority. If something happens autonomously, it happens all by itself.
Avarice
(AV ur is) n greed; excessive love of riches
The rich man’s avarice was annoying to everyone who wanted to lay hands on some of his money.
Avarice is the opposite of generosity or philanthropy. To be avaricious is to love wealth above all else and not to share it with other people.
Avow
(uh VOW) v to claim; to declare boldly; to admit
At the age of twenty-five, Louis finally avowed that he couldn’t stand his mother’s apple pie.
To avow something is to declare or admit something that most people are reluctant to declare or admit.
Avuncular
(uh VUNG kyuh lur) adj like an uncle, especially a nice uncle
What’s an uncle like? Kind, helpful, generous, understanding, and so on, in an uncle-y sort of way. This is a fun word to use, although it’s usually hard to find occasions to use it.
Professor Zia often gave us avuncular advice; he took a real interest in our education and helped us with other problems that weren’t related to multi-dimensional calculus.
Awry
(uh RYE) adj off course; twisted to one side
The hunter’s bullet went awry. Instead of hitting the bear, it hit his truck.
When we couldn’t find the restaurant, our dinner plans went awry.
Axiom
(AK see um) n a self-evident rule or truth; a widely accepted saying
“Everything that is living dies” is an axiom. An axiom in geometry is a rule that doesn’t have to be proved because its truth is accepted as obvious, self-evident, or unprovable
Banal
(buh NAL) adj unoriginal; ordinary
The dinner conversation was so banal that Amanda fell asleep in her dessert dish.
A banal statement is a boring, trite, and uncreative statement. It is a banality.
This word can also be pronounced “BANE ul”
Bane
(bayn) n poison; torment; cause of harm
Bane means poison (wolfbane is a kind of poisonous plant), but the word is usually used figuratively. To say that someone is the bane of your existence is to say that that person poisons your enjoyment of life. Baneful means harmful.
Bastion
(BAS chun) n stronghold; fortress; fortified place
Mrs. Garnett’s classroom is a bastion of banality; that is, it’s a place where originality seldom, if ever makes its way inside.
The robbers terrorized the village for several weeks, then escaped to their bastion high in the treacherous mountains.
Beget
(bih GET) v to give birth to; to create; to lead to; to cause
Those who lie should be creative and have good memories, since one lie often begets another lie, which begets another.
Belabor
(bi LAY bur) v to go over repeatedly or to an absurd extent
For more than an hour, the boring preacher belabored his point about the values of motherhood.
Mr. Irving spent the entire period belaboring the obvious; he made the same dumb observation over and over again.
Beleaguer
(bih LEE gur) v to surround; to besiege; to harass
No one could leave the beleaguered city; the attacking army had closed off all the exits.
Belie
(bih LYE) v to give a false impression of; to contradict
Melvin’s smile belied the grief he was feeling; despite his happy expression he was terribly sad inside.
A word that is sometimes confused with belie is betray. To rework the first example above: Melvin was smiling, but a small tear in one eye betrayed the grief he was feeling.
Belittle
(bih LIT ul) v to make to seem little; to put someone down
We worked hard to put out the fire, but the fire chief belittled our efforts by saying he wished he had brought some marshmallows.
The chairman’s belittling comments made everyone feel small.
Belligerent
(buh LIJ ur unt) adj combative; quarrelsome; waging war
Al was so belligerent that the convention had the feel of a boxing match.
A bully is belligerent. To be belligerent is to push other people around, to be noisy and argumentative, to threaten other people and generally make a nuisance of oneself. Opposing armies in a war are referred to as belligerents. Sometimes one belligerent in a conflict is more belligerent than the other.
Bemused
(bih MYOOZD) adj confused; bewildered
The two stood bemused in the middle of the parking lot at Disneyland, trying to remember where they had parked their car.
To muse is to think about or ponder things. To be bemused, then, is to have been thinking about things to the point of confusion. People often use the word bemused when they really mean amused, but bemusement is no laughing matter. Bemused means confused.
Benefactor
(BEN uh fak tur) n one who provides help, especially in the form of a gift or donation.
To give benefits is to be a benefaactor. To receive benefits is to be a beneficiary. People very, very often confuse these two words. It would be to their benefit to keep them straight.
Beneficiary
(ben uh FISH ee ary) n one who receives benefits
If your neighbor rewrites his life insurance policy so that you will receive all his millions when he dies, then you become the beneficiary of the policy. If your neighbor dies, he is your benefactor.
Malefactor
(MAL uh fak tur) n a person who does bad things
Batman and Robin made life hell for malefactors in Gotham City.