Quick Learn FA Flashcards
Which hallucination most common w/ schizophrenia?
Auditory
If visual hallucinations, think what?
Drug intoxication
Drug and alcohol withdrawal
Delirium
If olfactory hallucination, what associated?
Epilepsy
- think aura
What are ideas of reference?
Interpreting innocuous events as having personal significance.
Seen in Schizophrenia
Risk of Schizo if a monozygotic twin gets it?
50%
Lifetime prevalence of Schizophrenia?
0.3-0.7%
Schizo is likely related to ????
Increased dopamine activity
What Dopamine pathway, blocked by AS, causes Parkinsonian/EPS SE’s?
Nigrostriatal
What pathway, blocked by AS, causes hyperprolactinemia which may result in gynecomastia, galactorrhea, sexual dysfunction and menstrual irregularities?
Tuberoinfundibular
What pathway with excessive dopamine activity is responsible for + Schizo symptoms?
Mesolimbic
What pathway with inadequate dopamine activity is responsible for negative symptoms?
Prefrontal cortical
Core symptoms of NMS and SS?
- Altered Mental Status
- Rigidity
- Hyperthermia
How differentiate NMS and SS?
SS: quick on and off (24 hours)
- also hyper-reflexia, hyper-tonia
NMS: slow on and off (7-10 days +)
- also hypo/brady-reflexia
Anti-cholinergic Toxicity shares similarities with NMS and SS. What are Similarities and differences?
Similar: altered mental status, hyperthermia
Different: normal reflexes
Bipolar I vs. II
I: mania + major depression
(however MDD not required for diagnosis).
II: 1+ major depressive episode + at least one hypomanic epidose
What is psychiatric disorder w/ highest genetic link?
- concordance rate for monozygotic twin?
Bipolar I
- 40-70%
Persistent Depressive Disorder
- depressed mood majority of the time most days for at least 2 years (adult)…kids/adolescent = 1 year
- not been without at least 2 symptoms for > 2 months during the two years
(can’t have had manic/hypomanic episode)
To be diagnosed with persistent depressive disorder you must have at least __ of the following symptoms:
Concentration at least 2 Hopeless Over/under eat Sleep: insomnia/hypersomnia Low energy, fatigue Low self-esteem
Define bipolar II
recurrent major depressive episodes with at least 1 hypomanic episode
Define cyclothymic disorder
Alternating hypomania with mild-moderate depressive symptoms for at least 2 years
- can’t be symptom free for >2 months during those two years
(not quite hypomania and not quite major depression)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Examines relationship between cognition (thoughts), emotions and behavior
Timing of panic attacks?
Abrupt surge of intense anxiety, peaking within minutes
- usually resolve w/in 30 minutes
Panic Disorder
Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
- without an identifiable trigger
1+ panic attacks + >1 month of continuous worry about future attack
Panic Disorder
- treatment
SSRI + CBT
(substitute TCA clomipramine, imipramine if SSRI not effective)
When give BDZ for panic disorder?
Clonazepam, lorazepam
- until other meds reach full efficacy
Agoraphobia develops with what other condition?
Panic disorder
Treat agoraphobia?
SSRI + CBT
Social anxiety disorder?
Fear of scrutiny by others
Fear of acting
Embarrassment, humiliation, rejection
Most common psych disorder in women? in men?
Phobias in women
Substance-related for men
(phobias are #2 for men)
How treat specific phobias?
CBT
How treat social anxiety disorder?
CBT
if meds needed, SSRI
What non-standard med can you give for public speaking or performance anxiety?
Beta-blockers
