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ReMar 2019 > Quick Facts > Flashcards

Quick Facts Flashcards

1
Q

Universal donor

A

Type O

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2
Q

Universal recipient

A

Type AB

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3
Q

What is the ABO antigen system?

A

The different classes of human blood

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4
Q

What part of blood is classified in ABO antigen system?

A

Red blood cells

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5
Q

Compatible to Type A

A

Type A, O

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6
Q

Compatible to Type B

A

Type B, O

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7
Q

Compatible to O

A

Type O only

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8
Q

Compatible to AB

A

Type A, B, O

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9
Q

How is genital herpes spread?

A

Sex, birth

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10
Q

Genital herpes symptoms for male

A

Painful vesicular lesion

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11
Q

Genital herpes symptom for females

A

Painful vesicular lesion

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12
Q

Are the genital herpes lesion always present on the body?

A

No, they come and go

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13
Q

If the genital herpes lesion is present in pregnant woman, how should she deliver?

A

Csection

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14
Q

What triggers the outbreak of genital herpes?

A

Stress, anxiety and high emotions

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15
Q

How often should a woman with genital herpes get a pap smear?

A

Every 6months

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16
Q

Can genital herpes be cured?

A

No cure

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17
Q

What is the treatment for genital herpes?

A

Acyclovir

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18
Q

What is epiglottis?

A

Lap of skin at the base of the tongue

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19
Q

Function of epiglottis

A

Opens and closes during breathing

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20
Q

Cause of epiglottis

A

Haemophillus influenza

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21
Q

H. Influenza, is it virus or bacteria?

A

Bacteria

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22
Q

Usual age of children who get epiglottitis

A

2-5 yo

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23
Q

Signs of epiglottitis

A

3Ds

Drooling
Dysphagia
Dysphonia

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24
Q

What will the child look like during episode of epiglottitis?

A

Sitting upright
Tongue protruding
Drooling
Shallow, rapid breathing

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25
Q

Can epiglottitis be treated at home?

A

No! Child must go to hospital ASAP

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26
Q

When assessing the airway can you use tongue depressor or blade in epiglottitis?

A

No, never put anything in the mouth to assess

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27
Q

If the child cannot breathe, what might be done?

Epiglottitis

A

Intubation

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28
Q

What medication will be given to treat epiglottitis?

A

Antibiotic

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29
Q

How cab epiglottitis be avoided?

A

By getting H. Influenza vaccine

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30
Q

Why is digoxin prescibed?

A

To treat heart failure and arrhythmias

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31
Q

Digoxin is a

A

Cardiac glycoside

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32
Q

Hold digoxin if HR is

A

<60

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33
Q

Therapeutic blood range of Digoxin

A

1-2

> 2: toxic

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34
Q

Signs of digoxin toxicity

A

Seeing yellow spots
N/V
Abdominal pain

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35
Q

How is digoxin toxicity treated?

A

Lower dose

Severe: activated charcoal or Digiband

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36
Q

What food should be avoided in celiac disease?

A

Foods containing gluten (protein)

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37
Q

In celiac disease, malabsorption of ____ occurs

A

Fats

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38
Q

Foods containing gluten

A

BROW

Barley
Rye
Oats
Wheat

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39
Q

In celiac disease, client’s abdomen is often

A

Distended

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40
Q

Celiac disease, stool looks like

A

Smelly, pale, bulky

Expect lots of gas with some diarrhea

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41
Q

Celiac disease, best food substitutes

A

Rice, corn

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42
Q

Can a client on gluten free diet have cookies, spaghetti or waffles?

A

No, these have grains in it

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43
Q

Another name for celiac disease

A

Celiac sprue

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44
Q

Signs of cataract

A

Milky white lens

Painless, blurred vision

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45
Q

Treatment for cataract

A

No treatment until vision is severely impaired

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46
Q

What is done during cataract surgery?

A

Cataracts are removed and new lens may be implanted

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47
Q

After cataract surgery, will vision be corrected?

A

Only if new lens is placed

If no lens is placed, client will need glasses or contacts

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48
Q

Main concern after cataract surgery

A

Check eye hemorrhage

Place client in semi-fowlers

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49
Q

After cataracts surgery, avoid

A 
Coughing 
Sneezing 
Bending over at the waist
Straining 
Rubbing the eye or crying
Lifting >5lbs
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50
Q

How should post op cataract client sleep?

A

Sleep on unaffected side
If both eyes, sleep on back
Use eye shield at night to protect eyes

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51
Q

Bell’s palsy affects cranial nerve

A

7, facial

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52
Q

What does client with bell’s palsy suffer from?

A

Temporary facial paralysis

Chewing, eating and closing the eyes

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53
Q

Treatment for bell’s palsy

A

Wear eye patch at night
Use artificial tears
Wear glasses for protection
*steroid to reduce edema or swelling

54
Q

Put protective gear

A

***standing with your hands above head and dress from the bottom

Wash hands
Gown
Mask
Goggles
Gloves
55
Q

Take off protective gear

A

*take it off alphabetically

Gloves
Goggles
Gown
Mask
Wash hands
56
Q

What is wilson’s disease?

A

Genetic defect that causes copper buildup in the body. Inability to remove extra copper in the body

57
Q

Two organs affected the most in wilson’s disease

A

Liver and brain

58
Q

Wilson’s disease diet

A

Low copper diet

59
Q

Foods high in copper should be avoided in wilson’s disease

A 
Lamb
Shellfish
Vegetables 
Juice
Nectarines
Dried beans
Chocolate 
Multivitamins
60
Q

Other name for von Gierke’s disease

A

Liver glycogen disease

61
Q

Cause of von gierke’s disease

A

Body cannot break down glycogen into sugar due to low enzyme/protein

62
Q

Age group that normally gets von gierke’s disease

A

Children

63
Q

Common clinical signs of von gierke’s disease

A 
Hepatomegaly
Acidosis
Fasting
Hypoglycemia 
Delayed growth
64
Q

Diagnostic test for von gierke’s disease

A

Urine and blood test

CT scan

65
Q

How will liver appear in von gierke’s disease?

A

Fatty, enlarged

66
Q

What to know about adventists?

A

Saturday worship
No etoh
No pork sometimes no meat
Baptism as adult

67
Q

What to know about muslims?

A

No pork

No autopsy

68
Q

What to know about orthodox jews?

A

Religious leader: rabbi

Only other orthodox jews can touch the dead

69
Q

What to know about Roman Catholic?

A

Leader: priest
Infant baptism
Call before death for last sacrament

70
Q

Post-mortem care

A 
Do not give full bath
Raise head of bed 30 degrees 
Place palms down to prevent discoloration
Put in dentures, if any
ID the body
Maintain vital organs, skin integrity 
Remove IV/tubes
Replace with bandaids unless religious preference is to keep them in
71
Q

Tardive dyskinesia is side effect of what medication?

A

Antipsychotics

72
Q

Signs of tardive dyskinesia

A

Chewing motion with mouth
Tongue sticking in/out
Involuntary mov’t of arm/leg

73
Q

What class of medication can you give to decrease effects of tardive dyskinesia?

A

Anti-Parkinson’s

74
Q

In TPN, nutrients are supplied through

A

Veins

75
Q

Why would a client need TPN?

A

GI tract wasn’t working properly

76
Q

What needs to be monitored in TPN administration?

A

Blood sugar

D/t dextrose in TPN

77
Q

If TPN is suddenly increased, client is at risk for?

A

Hyperglycemia

78
Q

Other electrolyte imbalance can TPN cause

A

HyperK
HyperMg
HyperPh

79
Q

How often do you change TPN bag?

A

Every 24hrs

80
Q

What medication can be hung with TPN tubing?

A

None

81
Q

Why must TPN tubing be changed daily?

A

To decrease risk for sepsis

TPN increases risk for bacteria to form in the tubing

82
Q

Elevation if temperature is a sign of? -TPN

A

Infection

83
Q

Why must TPN be gradually decreased?

A

To prevent rebound hypoglycemia

84
Q

If TPN is unavailable, which IVF can be hung as a temporary substitution?

A

10% DW

85
Q

How to address transgender patient?

A

Ask what they would like to be called

86
Q

If a male completes sexual reassignment surgery, will she need a pap smear exam?

A

No, no cervix will be in placed

87
Q

If a female completes sexual reassignment, will testicles be formed?

A

There will be testicle but will not produce sperms

88
Q

Bactrim is used for?

A

Bacterial infection

UTI commonly

89
Q

Other name for Bactrim

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

90
Q

Contraindications for taking bactrim

A

Kidney or liver failure

91
Q

Severe inflammatory skin disorder caused by bactrim

A

Steven-Johnson’s syndrome (SJS)

92
Q

Signs of SJS

A 
Severe skin lesions
Blisters
Swelling of throat, lips, tongue
Fever
Headache 
Rash

*lesions can be internally on organs also

93
Q

Cause of ulcerative colitis

A

Unknown

94
Q

Pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis

A

Inflammatory bowel disease affecting large intestine/rectum

95
Q

Ulcerative colitis, signs or complaints from patients

A

Abdominal pain
Bloody diarrhea (20stools/day)
N/V
Weight loss

96
Q

Ulcerative colitis diagnosis

A

Colonoscopy

97
Q

Treatment for ulcerative colitis

A

Corticosteroids- reduce inflammation

Removal of large intestine and rectum

98
Q

What will the ulcerative colitis need after surgery?

A

Ileostony

99
Q

Most appropriate diet for ulcerative colitis

A

Low fiber

Avoid fiber, fatty/greasy food- decrease diarrhea

Avoid ETOH and caffeine

Increase fluid intake

100
Q

Organism that cause TB

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

101
Q

Signs of active TB

A 
Productive cough
Night sweats
Chills
Weight loss
Low-grade fever
102
Q

Test done for TB

A

Mantoux test / PPD

103
Q

How is mantoux test done?

A

Administered by injecting small amount of tuberculin intradermally

104
Q

Positive mantoux test

A

Induration (raised skin) is >10mm

105
Q

Isolation precaution for TB

A

Airborne

106
Q

The TB client’s negative pressure room should have ____ fresh air exchange per hour

A

6

107
Q

Mnemonic for TB drugs

A

STRIPE

STreptomycin
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
108
Q

Common side effect of TB drugs

A

Peripheral neuropathy/neuritis

Numbness, weakness pain on damaged nerve

109
Q

Other side effects of TB drugs

A

Muscle ache
GI disturbances
Dizziness

110
Q

Rifampicin can turn urine, sweat and tears into what color?

A

Red or orange

111
Q

When taking TB antibiotics, what Vit will be depleted?

A

Vit B6

112
Q

Teach TB patient to avoid ________ to reduce risk of hepatotoxicity

A

Alcohol

113
Q

Clients taking TB drugs are at risk for ______ ______ hepatitis

A

Drug-induced

114
Q

How many conservative sputum cultures need to be negative for the TB client to be non-contagious?

A

3

115
Q

Form of hearing loss

A

Presbycusis

116
Q

Is presbycusis a natural process?

A

Yes

117
Q

Voice tones that are hardest to hear in presbycusis client

A

High voice tones

118
Q

How to communicate with presbycusis client?

A

Facing them, encourage to wear hearing aide

119
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of vein

120
Q

Signs of phlebitis

A

Red, warm, painful area, streaks up the arm

121
Q

Treatment for phlebitis

A

Remove IV
Apply warm towel
Assess for infection

122
Q

Infection of middle ear

A

Otitis media

123
Q

Why are children more prone to get otitis media?

A

Shorter Eustachian tubes than adults

124
Q

Signs of otitis media

A

Fever
Loss of appetite
Rolling of head from side to side (promotion of ear drainage)

125
Q

Otitis media treatment

A

Analgesics

Antibiotics

126
Q

What do pacemakers do?

A

Conduct electrical activity

Maintain heart rate

127
Q

If you were at a conference on pacemakers, what would you teach?

A 
Check pulse daily
Avoid large magnetic fields
Household appliances are ok
Avoid contact sports
Report signs of dizziness, fatigue, SOB to MD
128
Q

Is informed consent needed in paracentesis?

A

Yes, it’s an invasive procedure

129
Q

What is paracentesis?

A

To remove fluids from peritoneal cavity of abdomen like in Ascites

130
Q

Paracentesis position

A

Sitting on the edge of the bed

131
Q

What to do after paracentesis?

A 
Monitor vs
Measure fluid collected
Apply sterile dressing on incision site
Monitor bleeding
Make sure urine not bloody
132
Q

What to do before paracentesis?

A

Measure abdomen
Weigh client
Take vs
Ask client to empty bladder

ReMar 2019 (5 decks)

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