Quick Facts Flashcards
1
Q
Universal donor
A
Type O
2
Q
Universal recipient
A
Type AB
3
Q
What is the ABO antigen system?
A
The different classes of human blood
4
Q
What part of blood is classified in ABO antigen system?
A
Red blood cells
5
Q
Compatible to Type A
A
Type A, O
6
Q
Compatible to Type B
A
Type B, O
7
Q
Compatible to O
A
Type O only
8
Q
Compatible to AB
A
Type A, B, O
9
Q
How is genital herpes spread?
A
Sex, birth
10
Q
Genital herpes symptoms for male
A
Painful vesicular lesion
11
Q
Genital herpes symptom for females
A
Painful vesicular lesion
12
Q
Are the genital herpes lesion always present on the body?
A
No, they come and go
13
Q
If the genital herpes lesion is present in pregnant woman, how should she deliver?
A
Csection
14
Q
What triggers the outbreak of genital herpes?
A
Stress, anxiety and high emotions
15
Q
How often should a woman with genital herpes get a pap smear?
A
Every 6months
16
Q
Can genital herpes be cured?
A
No cure
17
Q
What is the treatment for genital herpes?
A
Acyclovir
18
Q
What is epiglottis?
A
Lap of skin at the base of the tongue
19
Q
Function of epiglottis
A
Opens and closes during breathing
20
Q
Cause of epiglottis
A
Haemophillus influenza
21
Q
H. Influenza, is it virus or bacteria?
A
Bacteria
22
Q
Usual age of children who get epiglottitis
A
2-5 yo
23
Q
Signs of epiglottitis
A
3Ds
Drooling
Dysphagia
Dysphonia
24
Q
What will the child look like during episode of epiglottitis?
A
Sitting upright
Tongue protruding
Drooling
Shallow, rapid breathing
25
Can epiglottitis be treated at home?
No! Child must go to hospital ASAP
26
When assessing the airway can you use tongue depressor or blade in epiglottitis?
No, never put anything in the mouth to assess
27
If the child cannot breathe, what might be done?
Epiglottitis
Intubation
28
What medication will be given to treat epiglottitis?
Antibiotic
29
How cab epiglottitis be avoided?
By getting H. Influenza vaccine
30
Why is digoxin prescibed?
To treat heart failure and arrhythmias
31
Digoxin is a
Cardiac glycoside
32
Hold digoxin if HR is
<60
33
Therapeutic blood range of Digoxin
1-2
>2: toxic
34
Signs of digoxin toxicity
Seeing yellow spots
N/V
Abdominal pain
35
How is digoxin toxicity treated?
Lower dose
Severe: activated charcoal or Digiband
36
What food should be avoided in celiac disease?
Foods containing gluten (protein)
37
In celiac disease, malabsorption of ____ occurs
Fats
38
Foods containing gluten
BROW
Barley
Rye
Oats
Wheat
39
In celiac disease, client’s abdomen is often
Distended
40
Celiac disease, stool looks like
Smelly, pale, bulky
Expect lots of gas with some diarrhea
41
Celiac disease, best food substitutes
Rice, corn
42
Can a client on gluten free diet have cookies, spaghetti or waffles?
No, these have grains in it
43
Another name for celiac disease
Celiac sprue
44
Signs of cataract
Milky white lens
| Painless, blurred vision
45
Treatment for cataract
No treatment until vision is severely impaired
46
What is done during cataract surgery?
Cataracts are removed and new lens may be implanted
47
After cataract surgery, will vision be corrected?
Only if new lens is placed
If no lens is placed, client will need glasses or contacts
48
Main concern after cataract surgery
Check eye hemorrhage
| Place client in semi-fowlers
49
After cataracts surgery, avoid
```
Coughing
Sneezing
Bending over at the waist
Straining
Rubbing the eye or crying
Lifting >5lbs
```
50
How should post op cataract client sleep?
Sleep on unaffected side
If both eyes, sleep on back
Use eye shield at night to protect eyes
51
Bell’s palsy affects cranial nerve
#7, facial
52
What does client with bell’s palsy suffer from?
Temporary facial paralysis
Chewing, eating and closing the eyes
53
Treatment for bell’s palsy
Wear eye patch at night
Use artificial tears
Wear glasses for protection
*steroid to reduce edema or swelling
54
Put protective gear
***standing with your hands above head and dress from the bottom
```
Wash hands
Gown
Mask
Goggles
Gloves
```
55
Take off protective gear
*take it off alphabetically
```
Gloves
Goggles
Gown
Mask
Wash hands
```
56
What is wilson’s disease?
Genetic defect that causes copper buildup in the body. Inability to remove extra copper in the body
57
Two organs affected the most in wilson’s disease
Liver and brain
58
Wilson’s disease diet
Low copper diet
59
Foods high in copper should be avoided in wilson’s disease
```
Lamb
Shellfish
Vegetables
Juice
Nectarines
Dried beans
Chocolate
Multivitamins
```
60
Other name for von Gierke’s disease
Liver glycogen disease
61
Cause of von gierke’s disease
Body cannot break down glycogen into sugar due to low enzyme/protein
62
Age group that normally gets von gierke’s disease
Children
63
Common clinical signs of von gierke’s disease
```
Hepatomegaly
Acidosis
Fasting
Hypoglycemia
Delayed growth
```
64
Diagnostic test for von gierke’s disease
Urine and blood test
| CT scan
65
How will liver appear in von gierke’s disease?
Fatty, enlarged
66
What to know about adventists?
Saturday worship
No etoh
No pork sometimes no meat
Baptism as adult
67
What to know about muslims?
No pork
| No autopsy
68
What to know about orthodox jews?
Religious leader: rabbi
| Only other orthodox jews can touch the dead
69
What to know about Roman Catholic?
Leader: priest
Infant baptism
Call before death for last sacrament
70
Post-mortem care
```
Do not give full bath
Raise head of bed 30 degrees
Place palms down to prevent discoloration
Put in dentures, if any
ID the body
Maintain vital organs, skin integrity
Remove IV/tubes
Replace with bandaids unless religious preference is to keep them in
```
71
Tardive dyskinesia is side effect of what medication?
Antipsychotics
72
Signs of tardive dyskinesia
Chewing motion with mouth
Tongue sticking in/out
Involuntary mov’t of arm/leg
73
What class of medication can you give to decrease effects of tardive dyskinesia?
Anti-Parkinson’s
74
In TPN, nutrients are supplied through
Veins
75
Why would a client need TPN?
GI tract wasn’t working properly
76
What needs to be monitored in TPN administration?
Blood sugar
D/t dextrose in TPN
77
If TPN is suddenly increased, client is at risk for?
Hyperglycemia
78
Other electrolyte imbalance can TPN cause
HyperK
HyperMg
HyperPh
79
How often do you change TPN bag?
Every 24hrs
80
What medication can be hung with TPN tubing?
None
81
Why must TPN tubing be changed daily?
To decrease risk for sepsis
TPN increases risk for bacteria to form in the tubing
82
Elevation if temperature is a sign of? -TPN
Infection
83
Why must TPN be gradually decreased?
To prevent rebound hypoglycemia
84
If TPN is unavailable, which IVF can be hung as a temporary substitution?
10% DW
85
How to address transgender patient?
Ask what they would like to be called
86
If a male completes sexual reassignment surgery, will she need a pap smear exam?
No, no cervix will be in placed
87
If a female completes sexual reassignment, will testicles be formed?
There will be testicle but will not produce sperms
88
Bactrim is used for?
Bacterial infection
UTI commonly
89
Other name for Bactrim
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
90
Contraindications for taking bactrim
Kidney or liver failure
91
Severe inflammatory skin disorder caused by bactrim
Steven-Johnson’s syndrome (SJS)
92
Signs of SJS
```
Severe skin lesions
Blisters
Swelling of throat, lips, tongue
Fever
Headache
Rash
```
*lesions can be internally on organs also
93
Cause of ulcerative colitis
Unknown
94
Pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis
Inflammatory bowel disease affecting large intestine/rectum
95
Ulcerative colitis, signs or complaints from patients
Abdominal pain
Bloody diarrhea (20stools/day)
N/V
Weight loss
96
Ulcerative colitis diagnosis
Colonoscopy
97
Treatment for ulcerative colitis
Corticosteroids- reduce inflammation
Removal of large intestine and rectum
98
What will the ulcerative colitis need after surgery?
Ileostony
99
Most appropriate diet for ulcerative colitis
Low fiber
Avoid fiber, fatty/greasy food- decrease diarrhea
Avoid ETOH and caffeine
Increase fluid intake
100
Organism that cause TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
101
Signs of active TB
```
Productive cough
Night sweats
Chills
Weight loss
Low-grade fever
```
102
Test done for TB
Mantoux test / PPD
103
How is mantoux test done?
Administered by injecting small amount of tuberculin intradermally
104
Positive mantoux test
Induration (raised skin) is >10mm
105
Isolation precaution for TB
Airborne
106
The TB client’s negative pressure room should have ____ fresh air exchange per hour
6
107
Mnemonic for TB drugs
STRIPE
```
STreptomycin
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
```
108
Common side effect of TB drugs
Peripheral neuropathy/neuritis
Numbness, weakness pain on damaged nerve
109
Other side effects of TB drugs
Muscle ache
GI disturbances
Dizziness
110
Rifampicin can turn urine, sweat and tears into what color?
Red or orange
111
When taking TB antibiotics, what Vit will be depleted?
Vit B6
112
Teach TB patient to avoid ________ to reduce risk of hepatotoxicity
Alcohol
113
Clients taking TB drugs are at risk for ______ ______ hepatitis
Drug-induced
114
How many conservative sputum cultures need to be negative for the TB client to be non-contagious?
3
115
Form of hearing loss
Presbycusis
116
Is presbycusis a natural process?
Yes
117
Voice tones that are hardest to hear in presbycusis client
High voice tones
118
How to communicate with presbycusis client?
Facing them, encourage to wear hearing aide
119
Phlebitis
Inflammation of vein
120
Signs of phlebitis
Red, warm, painful area, streaks up the arm
121
Treatment for phlebitis
Remove IV
Apply warm towel
Assess for infection
122
Infection of middle ear
Otitis media
123
Why are children more prone to get otitis media?
Shorter Eustachian tubes than adults
124
Signs of otitis media
Fever
Loss of appetite
Rolling of head from side to side (promotion of ear drainage)
125
Otitis media treatment
Analgesics
| Antibiotics
126
What do pacemakers do?
Conduct electrical activity
| Maintain heart rate
127
If you were at a conference on pacemakers, what would you teach?
```
Check pulse daily
Avoid large magnetic fields
Household appliances are ok
Avoid contact sports
Report signs of dizziness, fatigue, SOB to MD
```
128
Is informed consent needed in paracentesis?
Yes, it’s an invasive procedure
129
What is paracentesis?
To remove fluids from peritoneal cavity of abdomen like in Ascites
130
Paracentesis position
Sitting on the edge of the bed
131
What to do after paracentesis?
```
Monitor vs
Measure fluid collected
Apply sterile dressing on incision site
Monitor bleeding
Make sure urine not bloody
```
132
What to do before paracentesis?
Measure abdomen
Weigh client
Take vs
Ask client to empty bladder
