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Psychology 1A > Questions I forgot: biological > Flashcards

Questions I forgot: biological Flashcards

git gud

1
Q

What does anterior mean?

A

located or occurring in or at the front of something else

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2
Q

What does posterior mean?

A

located or occurring underneath something else

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3
Q

What is a sulcus?

A

a cleft (or valley) in the cerebral cortex

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4
Q

What is a fasciculus?

A

bundle of neurons connecting one location of the brain to another

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5
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

deals with reasoning, executive function, motor control, and language

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6
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

deals with somatosensory processing, and (some) attention

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7
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

deals with hearing, memory, and emotion

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8
Q

What do glial cells do?

A

protect and communicate with neurons

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9
Q

What is reuptake?

A

The process of retrieving neurotransmitter that is in the synaptic cleft

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10
Q

What is magnetic resonance imaging?

A

(MRI) is a neuroimaging technique involving a big magnet in order to give us a structural image of the brain

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11
Q

What is Positron Emission Tomography?

A

(PET) tracks molecules that have been modified to give a radioactive label in order to create a functional image of the brain

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12
Q

What is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?

A

uses an electromagnet applied to the scalp in order to up or downregulate specific brain areas

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13
Q

What is Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography?

A

(SPECT) uses an injected radioactive fluid to give a structural image of the brain

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14
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A

a set of 12 nerves that come directly from the brain which control sensory, motor, and autonomous functions

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15
Q

What is the aggregate field theory?

A

that mental functions are distributed across the brain rather than localised in specific areas

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16
Q

What is Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) ?

A

a technique that detects the diffusion of water molecules in different directions in order to reveal white-matter connections in the brain

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17
Q

What is Single-cell recording?

A

an invasive electrode to measure the activity of a single cluster of neurons

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18
Q

What does magnetoencephalography (MEG) do?

A

measures the magnetic field produced by the electrical activity of the brain and gives better spatial imagery than EEG

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19
Q

What does Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) do?

A

detects changes in concentration of oxygenated blood by measuring the amount of near-infrared light it produces

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20
Q

What is temporal resolution?

A

the level of detail and precision to capture changes in brain activity over time

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21
Q

What do electromagnetic methods do?

A

measure and analyse the electrical magnetic signal produced by neurons

22
Q

What is spatial resolution?

A

the level of detail and precision to capture where specific brain activity occurs

23
Q

What are functional networks?

A

how different brain regions communicate and work together

24
Q

What does the salience network detect?

A

unexpected stimuli

25
Q

What is psychophysics?

A

involves relating a physical stimulus to a behavioural response

26
Q

what is psychometric function?

A

what we fit to data in order to measure absolute thresholds

27
Q

What does structural imaging let us see?

A

the structure and composition of the brain

28
Q

What does a weber fraction tell us?

A

the constant between just noticeable difference and standard stimulus for different stimuli (salt in water = 1/3, tonal pitch = 1/333)

29
Q

what is a crystalline lens

A

expands and contracts to help us see near and far

30
Q

what is the fovea ?

A

the central part of the retina where the eye is most sensitive to light

31
Q

what is a rod photoreceptor

A

sacrifices acuity for sensitivity and used for night vision (scotopic vision)

32
Q

What is photopic vision

A

day vision

33
Q

What is phototransduction

A

the process by which light energy is converted into electrical energy in the retina

34
Q

what is a retinal ganglion cell

A

a type of photoreceptor cell that is found in the retina of the eye (below the bipolar cells)

35
Q

What is a bipolar cell?

A

a type of photoreceptor cell that is found in the retina of the eye (below the rods and cones)

36
Q

What is the duplex theory?

A

the idea that rods and cones differ structure, number, and distribution

37
Q

What is the pinna?

A

the outer ear which is the flap of skin that covers the ear canal

38
Q

What is place theory?

A

The idea that lower frequency waves travel further down the ear, and thus, hair cells that detect lower frequency waves are found further into the cochlea

39
Q

What membrane vibrates when sound waves hit the eardrum?

A

basilar membrane

40
Q

What is the meninges?

A

Layers that surround the brain for protection

41
Q

what is the SCN and what does it do?

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus - responsible for keeping time

42
Q

What is the ventral attention network responsible for?

A

responds to unexpected but behaviourally relevant stimuli. The temoroparietal junction (TPJ). Favour the right-side

43
Q

what is Proprioception?

A

One’s awareness of the location of their body in space

44
Q

What is interoception?

A

The ability to sense internal bodily processes such as hunger, thirst and pain

45
Q

Opponent-process theory (proposed by Hering, then Hurvich and Jameson)

A

states that LMS cone outputs are coded into six matched primaries -red-green, blue-yellow, black-white

45
Q

What is the young-helmholtz theory of trichromacy?

A

There are three types of cone receptors (long, medium and short wavelength) that are sensitive to three different types of light (red, green and blue)

46
Q

What is forbidden colour?

A

One that transcend the opponent-process boundary (yellowish blue)

47
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A

set of 12 nerves that come directly from the brain which control sensory, motor functions and autonomous functions

48
Q

What is phrenology

A

Debunked theory that skull shape determines personality

49
Q

What is the aggregate field theory?

A

That mental functions are distributed across the brain rather than localised in specific areas

50
Q

what is reticular theory?

A

that the nervous system is a continuous network, like a web

51
Q
A

Psychology 1A (3 decks)

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