Questions from the study book exam4 Flashcards
What are kupffer cells?
Remove bacteria and foreign particles from blood in the hepatic sinusoids.
What do pancreatic acinar cells do?
Secrete digestive proenzymes
what do pancreatic ductal epithelium do?
Secrete biocarbonate rich fluid
What do hepatocytes do?
Metabolize nutrients, detoxify chemicals, secrete bile, synthesize albumin and clotting factors
What do enterochromaffin like cells do?
Secrete gastric histamine
What do chief cells do?
Secrete pepsinogen
What do G cells do?
Secrete gastrin
What do parietal cells do?
Secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
What do D cells do?
Secrete gastric somatostatin
What do osteoclasts do?
Resorb bone
what does chondrocytes do?
Secrete collagen and other components of cartilage
What do osteoblasts do?
Lay down new bone
What do mesenchymal stem cells do?
Can differentiate into multiple cell types, including chondrocytes and osteoblasts.
What are Type B synovial cells do?
Secrete hyaluronTe into joint fluid
What do osteocytes do?
Help maintain bone by signaling osteoblasts and osteoclasts
What do satellite cells do?
Repair or regenerate skeletal muscle
What is osteomalacia?
Metabolic disease of adults characteristic by inadequate and delayed mineralization of osteoid in mature bone.
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
Chronic inflammation joint disease characterized by stiffening and fusion of the spine and SI joints
What is FM?
Chronic MS syndrome characteristic by widespread joint and muscle pain, fatigue and increases sensitivity to touch at tender points
What is Paget Disease?
Increased metabolic activity in bone causing abnormal and excessive bone remodeling that enlarges and softens bones.
What is polymyositis?
Autoimmune inflammation of connective tissue and muscle fibers in pelvic and shoulder girdle mediated by T lymphocytes
What is gout?
Syndrome involving high levels of Uric acid in body fluids, precipitation of irate crystals and recurrent monoarticular arthritis
What is the difference between alcoholic hepatitis ans alcoholic cirrhosis?
Alcoholic hepatitis- liver is inflammed, necrotic cells with liver dysfunction. If the patient stops drinking the liver can regenerate.
Alcoholic cirrhosis- alcohol damage triggers overgrowth of connective tissue-fibrosis. Hepatocytes can regenerate, but they are not connected properly to blood vessels, therefore irreversible.
What is Barrett esophagus?
Occurs in people who have heartburn with GERD, but it is not the same heartburn. It replaces the cells in the esophagus with cells that can live with the constant acid. It is a warning sign of cancer.
Why do the enzymes digest the pancreas in pancreatitis?
The inactive enzymes in the pancreas do not become active until they reach the intestines to digest food. In pancreatitis, these enzymes become active in the pancreas.
The cancer that causes most deaths in children?
Leukemia
Crypto Hudson is a risk factor for what cancer?
Testicular
Children who have environmental exposure to insecticides and pesticides have increased incidence of what?
Leukemia
Children who have AIDS have increased risk for developing what two cancers?
Karposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma
The concept that includes interaction of many factors to produce cancer is called what?
Multi factorial etiology
Retinoblastoma and Wilma tumor are associated with what disabled genes?
Tumor suppressor genes
What is the difference between a meningocele and myelomeningocele?
A meningocele is a form of spina bifida in which the meninges protrude but the spinal cord and nerves remain in the spinal canal, myelomeningocele is a form of spinal bifida with protrusion of both the spinal cord and meninges through the skin.
What is the difference between pyramidal and extarpyramidal cerebral palsy?
Pyramidal CP is spastic because it involves the pyramidal pathway, which are upper motor neurons.
Extra pyramidal CP is nonspastic because it involves damage to the basal ganglia or other brain areas that influence involuntary movement and coordination
What is characteristic of hirschsprung disease?
Chronic constipation, poor weight gain, and progressive abdominal distension; may develop small volume diarrhea
What is pyloric stenosis?
Infant who previously has fed well and gained weight develops repeated projectile vomiting and wants to eat again soon after each vomiting episode.
What is portal hypertension?
Enlarged spleen, bloody emesis or melena and ascities.
What is lactose intolerance?
Abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea after drinking milk.
jaundice, enlarged liver, clay-colored feces, failure to weight gain is symptoms of what?
Biliary atresia
what are types of viral skin infections in kids?
Molluscum contagiosum
Herpes zoster
Chicken pox
Measles
What are some bacterial infections in kids?
Impetigo
What are some fungi infections in kids?
Tinea capitis
Thrush
Tinea corporis
