Questions from Presentations Flashcards
What is one critical thing you want to be vigilant about on the monitor when inserting/discontinuing a Swan-Ganz catheter?
Arrhythmias/tachyarrhythmias
What could cause a HIGH pulmonary artery pressure?
Left ventricular failure
What is the safest site for CVP insertion?
Right internal jugular
The “a-wave” of the CVP occurs during which Cardiac Cycle?
1
Which of the following answers is FALSE regarding the contraindication of pulmonary artery catheter placement?
Congenital heart disease
What is the major determinant of preload?
venous return
CI is inversely proportional to _______?
BSA
What are the three main components needed to factor PVR?
MPAP, PAWP, CO
Using Reynolds’ number, when will you begin to see turbulent blood flow?
. 200 – 400
Where in the systemic vasculature is resistance most determined?
arterioles
Which of the following are advantages to perioperative EKG monitoring?
Low cost and widely available
On an EKG, what does the ST-segment represent?
D. The period of time when the ventricles are depolarized
What type of ischemia is often manifested by ST-segment depression?
Subendocardial
Which of the following are types of ST-segment depression?
Upsloping
Horizonatal
Downsloping
Which of the following is a true statement regarding lead selection for perioperative anesthia?
Single lead monitoring is considered unacceptable especially in patients with known cardiac disease.
What animal did Stephen Hale demonstrate invasive BP monitoring on?
Horse
Who developed the auscultatory method to measure diastolic blood pressure?
Korotkoff
What is the “Gold Standard” for non-invasive blood pressure monitoring?
Mercury sphygmomanometers
In a noisy environment what is the best method for non-invasive blood pressure monitoring?
Palpated pulse method
Which physics principle makes invasive blood pressure monitoring possible?
Pascal’s Principle
What information may be obtained by using the TEE during cardiac valve replacement?
a. Provide a baseline examination of the diseased valve
b. Assessment of the repair after completion of valve replacement
c. Examine for trace leaks or valvular regurgitation
During heart transplant surgery, the TEE is instrumental in determining?
b. Adequacy of air evacuation from the donor heart is checked with TEE before coming off cardiopulmonary bypass
While in the short axis view, which characteristic of the left ventricle is evident?
a. Its circular shape
b. Thick walls
True or False: A TEE is a noninvasive procedure used to diagnose cardiac function.
True
Which surgery are you most likely to use a TEE when no contraindications are indicated?
Valve Replacement Surgery
Two-dimensional echocardiography is the most commonly used mode for a TEE?
True
Which echocardiography mode is the easiest to assess mitral regurgitation?
Color wave Doppler
What part of the body controls heat conservation and production?
Hypothalamus
Why does anesthesia affect temperature regulation?
(do not have the answer)
A. The brain doesn’t sense the temperature correctly.
B. The operating room is usually kept cold.
C. The paralysis and anesthesia impairs shivering and thermoregulatory vasoconstriction. (this is the correct answer for SPINAL anesthesia from monitoring lecture slide 106)
D. The drugs used for anesthesia can affect the temperature regulatory system of the brain. (this is the correct answer for GENERAL anesthesia - monitoring lecture slide 106)
What can result from the increased sympathetic nervous system activity that increases the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine postoperatively?
(Do not have answer)
A. Elevating peripheral vascular resistance.
B. Risk of metabolic academia related to tissue hypoxia.
C. Increased risk of myocardial ischemia and dysrhythmia.
D. Decrease of venous capacitance.
E. All of the above.
What are some complications related to hypothermia?
(Do not have the answer) A. Immune system compromise. B. Increased duration of action of relaxants and sedatives. C. Decreased platelet function. D. All of the above.
What is most commonly the earliest sign of malignant hyperthermia?
(Do not have the anser) A. Increased potassium. B. Increased end-tidal carbon dioxide levels. C. Increased core temperature. D. Myoglobinuria.
