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Medical Laboratory Technology > Questions from past exams > Flashcards

Questions from past exams Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is the B5 fixative?

A

mercuric chloride

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2
Q

what is the gene mutation that causes myeloproliferative neoplasms?

A

JAK2 gene

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3
Q

Is M. Tuberculosis a fast or slow grower?

A

Slow/nonchromagen

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4
Q

Extra: photochromagen vs scotochromagen

A

Photochromogens produce pigment after light stimulation but not when grown continuously in the dark with no light exposure. Scotochromogens produce pigment when grown in the dark as well as after light exposure.

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5
Q

what type of sputum specimen is preferred?

A

first morning sputum

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6
Q

what could affect quenching in FPIA (?)

A

Extra fluorochrome particles present (might not have been the answer)

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7
Q

is Nocardia partially acid fast or a spore former?

A

Partially acid fast

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8
Q

Is the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio measured by electrical impedance or light scatter?

A
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9
Q

What is the function of the Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar?

A

Isolation of Salmonella and Shigella (Enterobacteriaceae)

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10
Q

Prioritizing specimens: blood culture or CSF first?

A
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11
Q

Which protein migrates to the anode fastest/closest to the anode?

A
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12
Q

What would not be used to differentiate a traumatic tap vs hemorrhage?

a. clot formation
b. xantochromia
c. blood content in each tube
d. supernatant post-centrifugation

A

Clot formation (this could be wrong)

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13
Q

What measures the different cells as they pass through impedance?

a. fluorescence
b. light scatter
c.
d.

A
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14
Q

what is the difference between hematein and hematin? Question was on the product of oxidation of Formaldehyde.

A
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15
Q

What are the 3 elements found in WHMIS?

A

Training, SDS, labels

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16
Q

What is the order that PPE is removed?

A

gloves, gown, face shield, mask

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17
Q

How to differentiate between MPN and leukemia?

a. chemotherapy effectiveness
b. Types of cells present
c. gene mutations
d.

A

Types of cells present (this could be wrong)

MPN = overproduction of mature blood cells
Leukemia = overproduction of immature blood cells

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18
Q

What does Gomori stain?

a. carbohydrates
b. glycoproteins
c. nuclei
d.

A

Glycoproteins

19
Q

Plates used to culture stool?
-the answer I put also had naladixic on it…

A

HEA, SMAC, MAC, SBA, CIN, Selenite broth

20
Q

What are the antibodies to complement?

a. IgM and IgG
b. IgG and anti-C3d
c. IgG and anti-C3b
d.

A

IgM and IgG (this could be wrong)

21
Q

What is the blood type of Coombs cells?

A

O negative (this could be wrong)

22
Q

What is the most susceptible bacteria?

a. mycobacteria (another word similar to this - look in safety manual)
b. gram-negative bacilli
c.
d.

A

gram-negative bacilli?

23
Q

If CSF cannot be tested immediately, how do you store it?

a. Room temperature
b. Fridge at 4 degrees Celsius
c. Freeze -70 degrees Celsius
d.

A

Room temperature

24
Q

Which sample has to be kept at room temperature?

a. genital swab
b. throat swab
c.
d.

A

genital swab

25
Q

When do we test for glucose in CSF sample?

a. Within 15 minutes
b. After 15 minutes
c.
d.

A

Within 15 minutes?

26
Q

Which sample does not need decontamination with the presence of acid fast bacilli?

a. CSF
b. sputum
c. stool
d.

A

Stool

27
Q

What does a blood gas analyzer measure?

a. pCo2
b. pH
c. neither
d.

A

pCo2?

28
Q

If you receive a mysterious powder in the lab, what would you do?

a. Send to local FDA site
b. Send to FDA
c. Test powder in lab
d. Send to PHL

A

Send to local FDA site?

29
Q

Why are _____ meetings held?

a. To talk negatively about coworkers
b. To talk about what went well during the shift
c. Plans for the upcoming month
d.

A

Plans for the upcoming month?

30
Q

Why are there holes on a freshly stained slide?

a. stain too acidic/basic
b. heating was too high

A

heating was too high?
I think it actually had to do with higher pH in ICH

31
Q

How to avoid humidity when a slide is drying?

a. Remove alcohol portion of the stain
b. Increase staining time
c. Place slide in a humidity controlled environment

A

Humidity controlled environment?

32
Q

Difference between buffered formalin and neutral formalin?

A

Buffered = highly preserves tissue = pH 6.8-7.2
Neutral = poorly preserved tissue = pH 7.0

33
Q

What would be the most common cause of background staining in the colloidal iron stain?

A

Use of old solutions
Less likely: not using acidified rinses/colloidal iron was not acidified

34
Q

How to ergonomically sit at a computer?

A

Feet flat on the ground, back of chair set so you are learning back slightly

35
Q

What is the best decal method for fragile tissue?

A

Chelation w/ EDTA
-says it does not cause any tissue damage compared to the rest

36
Q

What is chloroquine diphosphate used for?

A

Dissociates warm reactive autoantibody IgG from the red cells (DAT+)

37
Q

What is a sledge microtome used for?

A

Large blocks, hard tissues, or whole mounts

38
Q

What is the most different analyte concentration between CSF and plasma?

A

Protein - in CSF if it 50-100 times lower compared to plasma

39
Q

What antibiotics are not recommended for salmonella or shigella?

A

Shigella - Sulfonamides, tetracyclines, ampicillin, TMP/SMX
Salmonella - ciproflaxin

40
Q

What is the agar depth for susceptibility testing?
-needed to know this to be able to troubleshoot the scenario

A

3-5mm

41
Q

What is the best biochemical test for the following organism; yellow colonies on TCBS agar and TSI result is A/A

a. Growth in 6.5% NaCl
b. O/129 susceptible
c. String test negative

A

O/129 susceptible since organism is Vibrio. Also grows in 6.5% NaCl. String test is typically positive.

42
Q

Why can’t someone with pernicious anemia take in vitamin B12?

a. Lack the intrinsic factor produced in the stomach
b. Malabsorption

A

Lack of intrinsic factor

43
Q

The best way to handle a “difficult” patient is to:

A

Help the patient to feel in control of the situation

44
Q

How is AST affected by hemolysis?

A

Falsely increases it since the enzyme is found in the red blood cells.

Medical Laboratory Technology (11 decks)

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