Questions - Ancient Greece and Persia Flashcards
Unit 1
How did the sea affect civilization in ancient Greece?
Prevented large-scale farming and impeled the Greeks to look beyond their borders to new where fertile soil was more abundante
Why did the Greeks create their own city-states instead of a united country during ancient history?
Because of the physical geography of the Mediterranean region
What was the holy book for the ancient Greek religion that contains its teachings and guidelines?
The bible - Lilad and the Odyssey
What is the name for the major gods and goddesses from Greek mythology?
The twelve olympians - Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, Aphrodite, Athena, Artemis, Apollo, Ares, Hephaestus, Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus
Why did many Greeks travel to the city-state of Delphi and see the Pythia at the Temple of Apollo?
The Pythia’s prophecies and guidance were highly sought after for important decisions
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were all famous leaders in which academic field of study?
Western philosophy
What types of plays were invented by the ancient Greeks and became a form of entertainment?
Comedy, satyr plays, tragedy
Why is Homer considered an important figure in world history?
Presumed author of the Lilad and the Odyssey, two hugely influential epic poems of Ancient Greece
Which two ancient Greek scholars wrote about the history of the Persian War and the history of the Peloponnesian War?
Herodotus and Thueydides
Why is Hippocrates considered an important figure in world history?
Founder of Ancient Greece medicine - “Father of Medicine”
Why do historians refer to a period of ancient Greek history as the Dark Age?
No contemporary written accounts of its exist
How did Solon change the government in Athens?
Ended Exolusive aristocratic control of the government, substituted a system of control by the wealthy, and introduced a new and moe hormone law code
How were tyrants viewed differently in some ancient civilizations, such as Greece, compared to in modern times?
Someone who ruled their government alone without traditional authority
Why is Cleisthenes considered an important figure in world history?
Founder of Athenian democracy
In Athenian democracy, who was excluded from participating in the government?
Slaves, freed slaves, children, women and metics
How did the Assembly work in Athenian democracy?
The regular opportunity for all male citizens of Athens to speak their minds and exercise their votes regarding the government of their city
Who was the Greek politician that was a huge advocate for democracy, supervised the reconstruction of the Acropolis, and turned the Delian League into an empire?
Pericles
Why do many modern-day countries elect politicians, instead of allowing all citizens to serve in the government?
Their populations are too large to gather in one place
Why did King Darius send the Persian army to attack Greece in the Battle of Marathon during the Persian Wars?
To punish the city-states of Athens and Eretria
What was the significance of the Battle of Thermopylae during the Persian Wars?
Allowed for Xerxes’ passage into southern Greece, which expanded the Persian empire even further
What was a major cause of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta?
Athenian control of the Delian League
How was Sparta able to win the Peloponnesian War?
With financial help from Persia
Why do some historians refer to Alexander as “the Great”?
A powerful symbol of power, military genius, and conquest
What was a significant development after Alexander’s death during the Hellenistic Period?
The helienistic world eventually settled into four stable power blocks: the ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt, the seleocid Empire in the east, the Kingdom of Pergamonin Asia Minor, and Macedon
Why did the Greeks establish several colonies around the Mediterranean Sea?
To provide a release for Greek over population, land hunger, and political unrest
What were some of the major goods produced in ancient Greece?
Wine, olives, and pottery
How did Sparta’s relationship with the helots affect the development of its society?
The helot population outnumbered the Spartiate population and grew over time, causing societal tensions
Did Athenian women have more or fewer rights than Spartan women?
Spartan women had more rights
Who were the citizens that also traditionally served as soldiers in the armies of most Greek city-states?
Hoplites
Which city-state in ancient Greece experienced several government changes and eventually became the first democracy in the world?
Athens
List the following eras of ancient Greek history in chronological order: Archaic Period, Classical Period, Dark Age, Hellenistic Period, Minoan Civilization, Mycenaean Civilization
Minoan civilization - mycenaean civilization - dark age - archaic period, classical period, helienistic period
Who were the Minoans?
A sea-trading people who developed a civilization on the island of crete in the Mediterranean Sea during the Bronze Age
Which civilization was known for its warriors, building walled fortresses around Greece, and fighting in the legendary Trojan War?
Mycenaean
What were the powers of the god named Zeus in Greek mythology?
Weather, summoning storms when angry, shape shifting, lighting
Who was the goddess of wisdom and battle strategy in Greek mythology that was honored at the Parthenon on the Acropolis?
Athena
Why did Spartan boys receive limited food and supplies during their military training?
The government wanted Spartan warriors to be tough, disciplined, and not tempted by a comfortable life
Did Athens have a powerful army or navy? Did Sparta have a powerful army or navy?
Athens had a powerful navy and Sparta had a powerful army
What was the role of women in Sparta?
Bearing and raising children
What were the five events of the pentathlon in the ancient Greek Olympics?
Jump, discus, foot race, javelin throw, and wrestling
Why did Alexander stop his military campaign and turn back toward Greece?
His exhausted troops mutinied and refused to go further
Which empire was the target of Alexander’s military campaign and was conquered after losing the Battles of Granicus, Issus, and Gaugamela?
Persian Empire
