Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSCS Terms > Questions > Flashcards

Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism is NOT

A

the bodies total caloric expenditure in a given day

The body’s total caloric expenditure is your Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE), which include Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), thermic effect of food, and physical activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Before entering the Krebs Cycle, substrates must be converted into which of the following?

A

Acetyl-CoA

Glucose, amino acids and fatty acids are all converted into acetyl-coa prior to entering the Krebs cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anaerobic glycolysis

A

fast glycolysis; does not require the use of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aerobic glycolysis

A

slow glycolysis; does require the use of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In the phosphagen system, which enzyme acts as the catalyst for the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

Myosin ATPase is acts as the catalyst for ATP hydrolysis for crossbridge recycling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

We are able to sustain activity longer with anaerobic glycolysis when compared to the phoshagen system because

A

store more glycogen in our muscle

We are able to store significantly more glycogen (carbohydrates/glucose) than creatine phosphate. Anaerobic glycolysis relies on glucose and glycogen as its energy source, where the phosphagen system is dependent upon creatine phosphate. Thus, we are able sustain activities for a longer period of time that involve anaerobic glycolysis compared to the phosphagen system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which energy system serves as the primary source of energy at rest?

A

oxidative system

The oxidative system uses carbohydrates and fats as substrates to supply ATP at rest and low intensity activities. At rest, our bodies may not be exercising, but still have vital functions (breathing, heart beating, digestion, brain etc) that require energy to function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Approximately how much glycogen is the body able to store?

A

muscle 350g; liver 100g

The human body is capable of storing 300-400 g of glycogen in our muscles, and 70-100 g of glycogen in the liver. We can store more in our muscles as we have a greater volume of muscle compared to the volume of our liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

is the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates (fats, proteins).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glycogenesis

A

is the formation of glycogen from glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can athletes improve force production?

A

Incorporate phases of training that use heavier loads in order to optimize neural recruitment.
Increase the cross-sectional area of muscles involved in the desired activity.
Perform multimuscle, multijoint exercises that can be done with more explosive actions to optimize fast-twitch muscle recruitment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

An action potential is an electrical impulse that is required when a muscle contracts. Which of the following is released, causing muscles to tense and contract?

A

An action potential from a motor neuron signals the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myofibril. This results in an increase in tension and muscle contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This is released at the arrival of an action potential, and transmitted across the neuromuscular junction to create a muscular contraction.

A

Acetylcholine is transmitted across the neuromuscular junction at the arrival of an action potential. This excites the sarcolemma. Once enough acetylcholine is transmitted, muscle fibers contract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

pacemaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscle acts as the antagonist when performing the deadlift?

A

Psoas major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following hormones is considered catabolic?

A

Testosterone and insulin are both considered anabolic hormones, where cortisol is considered a catabolic hormone.

Anabolic=hormones that promote tissue building
Catabolic=hormones that promote tissue degrading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which hormone is secreted from the pancreas?

A

Insulin and glucagon are secreted from the pancreas

Renin is secreted from the kidneys and regulates kidney function. Insulin and glucagon are secreted from the pancreas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of the following hormones is responsible for converting glucose into glycogen?

A

Glucagon converts glycogen into glucose (need energy).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Growth Hormone

A

Growth hormone is responsible for protein synthesis, growth and metabolism.

Some functions of growth hormone include:

  • decrease glucose utilization
  • increase glycogen synthesis
  • increase protein synthesis
  • increase fatty acid utilization of lipolysis (fat breakdown)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Insulin

A

Insulin is responsible for converting glucose into glycogen (storing energy).

22
Q

Glucogon

A

Glucagon converts glycogen into glucose (need energy).

23
Q

Which of the following is a role of catecholamines?

A

Catecholamines include epinephrine and norepinephrine. They are responsible for our fight or flight mechanisms, which are often triggered during resistance training. Their functions include increased: force production, muscle contraction rate, blood pressure, energy availability, blood flow, and secretion of other hormones. An athlete that has a higher training age (resistance training for an extended period of time ex >2 years) is able to secrete greater amounts of catecholamines.

24
Q

What exercise variable is most likely to increase secretion of testosterone

A

Exercise variable to increase testosterone include:

  • Large muscle group exercises
  • Heavy resistance
  • Moderate to high volume
  • Short rest intervals
  • Two or more years of training experience
25
Q

Which sport relies primarily on the phosphagen system?

A

Golfers rely solely on the phosphagen system as their swing lasts a fraction of a second, can require high amounts of force, and have ample rest time between swings.

26
Q

aerobic system

A

Cross-country skiers will rely on the aerobic system.

27
Q

Soccer player system

A

Soccer players, besides goalies, will have a high reliance on the phosphagen system, but also rely moderately on the anaerobic and aerobic systems due to longer work intervals, and the continuous nature of the game.

28
Q

Which of the following happens as a result of resistance training?

A

Fiber size and stored ATP increase as a result of resistance training. Mitochondrial density decreases as a result of resistance training.

29
Q

bilateral deficit

A

The combined strength of each leg individually is greater than the strength of two limbs simultaneously

30
Q

Hyperplasia

A

increase in the number of muscle fibers

31
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in muscle fiber size

32
Q

Which type of muscle contraction causes the greatest increase in stroke volume and cardiac output?

A

Eccentric contractions cause the greatest increase in heart rate and stroke volume. Concentric contractions are more difficult than eccentric contractions, and cause an increase in intrathroacic and intrabdominal pressure (due to valsalva maneuver). But due to the increase in pressure, this delays the venous return of blood. Thus, when the pressure decreases during an eccentric contraction, stroke volume and heart rate spike as they have “caught up” due to the decrease in pressure.

33
Q

anaerobic overtraining

A

An individual that is experiencing anaerobic overtraining will experience a decrease in muscle glycogen, as the body has not been given sufficient rest and fuel to recover from training and competition.

34
Q

Stroke volume

A

the about of blood ejected from the heart with each beat

35
Q

Cardiac output

A

is the amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart

36
Q

Heart rate

A

is the number of times the heart beats (contracts) per minute

37
Q

Vasodilation

A

Vasodilation refers to an increase in blood flow due to the widening of blood vessels. Vasodilation occurs in active muscles during exercise.

38
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Vasoconstriction refers to a decrease in blood flow due to the constricting/narrowing of blood vessels. During exercise, vasoconstriction occurs to our organs, as blood supply to these areas is not prioritized.

39
Q

Which of the following is a long-term adjustment when adjusting to altitude?

A

Blood viscosity (blood thickness) increases as a result of decreased oxygen levels at altitude. Our body’s response is to create more red blood cells. This is so we become more capable of carrying and transporting oxygen, since our original amount of red blood cells was meetings our body’s demands.

40
Q

What is the recommended intake of protein for aerobic athletes?

A

1.0-1.6g/kg BW

41
Q

What is the RDA for intake across men and women who are 19 years of age or older?

A

Men and women 19 years old and up require protein intake to be 0.8 g/kg of bodyweight per day.

42
Q

Individuals over the age of 18 years old have an Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for protein of …

A

Individuals over the age of 18 have an AMDR for protein of 10-35% of total calories. The AMDR of protein for children ages 1-3 years-old is 5%-20%. The AMDR of protein for children ages 4-18 years-old is 10%-30%.

43
Q

Approximately how much glycogen is stored throughout the human body?

A

15g/kg BW

44
Q

the recommended daily intake of fiber

A

The daily recommended intake for fiber per day for men is 30-38g/day, and 21-29g/day for women.

45
Q

What is the optimal level for LDL cholesterol?

A

LDL (“bad”) cholesterol should be <100 mg/dL to be considered optimal. We want this number to go down. HDL (“good”) cholesterol should be >60 mg/dL. We want this number to be high. Total cholesterol (LDL + HDL) should be <200 mg/dL.

46
Q

Which of the following vitamins does not act as an antioxidant?

A

Vitamins A, C, and E act as antioxidants to fight against free radicals.

47
Q

When choosing a sports drink, what is the appropriate concentration of carbohydrates?

A

Sports drinks should have a carbohydrate concentration of 5-10%.

48
Q

BMI Classifications

A 
Overweight: 25.0-29.9
Obesity:
-Stage 1: 30.0-34.9
-Stage 2: 35.0-39.9
-Stage 3: >40
49
Q

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of ergogenic aid abuse?

A

There are several signs and symptoms of ergogenic aid abuse, such as decreased sperm count, increased blood pressure, and testicular atrophy.

50
Q

Acromegaly

A

widening of bones, arthritis, organ enlargement, and metabolic abnormalities.

51
Q

The body’s ability to regulate H+ ion concentrations during high intensity exercise is termed

A

Muscle buffering capacity is our body’s ability to clear H+ ions that accumulate during high intensity exercise. The faster we can clear H+ ions, the longer we can sustain that high intensity activity.

52
Q

sodium bicarbonate dosage

A

.3 g/kg of body weight, 60-90 minutes before exercise, is recommended to improve performance.

CSCS Terms (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions