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Gross Anatomy II - Unit 2 > Questions > Flashcards

Questions Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles attach to the mastoid process? (4)

A

(1) SCOM
(2) posterior digastric
(3) spelnius capitis
(4) longissimus capitis

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2
Q

what muscles attach to the styloid process? (3)

A

(1) stylohyoid
(2) styloglossus
(3) stylopharyngeus

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3
Q

what is the attachment for the occipitalis and frontalis muscles?

A

epicranial (galea) aponeurosis

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4
Q

what are the 5 layers of the scalp from most superficial to deep?

A

(1) skin
(2) dense connective tissue
(3) aponeurosis
(4) loose connective tissue
(5) pericranium

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5
Q

what is the muscle action of the occipitalis?

A

retracts the scalp

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6
Q

what is the muscle action of the frontalis?

A

protracts the scalp

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7
Q

what is the synergistic muscle action of the occipitalis and frontalis?

A

elevate eyebrows and wrinkle forehead

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8
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A 
CN V(1): ophthalmic nerve
CN V(2): maxillary nerve
CN V(3): mandibular nerve
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9
Q

what muscles does the mandibular nerve innervate? (4)

A

(1) masseter
(2) medial temporalis
(3) lateral and medial pterygoid
(4) mylohyoid
(5) anterior digastric
(6) tensor tympani
(7) tensor veli palatini

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10
Q

what are the 5 cutaneous branches of the opthalmic nerve?

A

(1) supraorbital
(2) supratrochlear
(3) lacrimal
(4) infratrochlear
(5) external nasal

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11
Q

what are the 3 cutaneous branches of the maxillary nerve?

A

(1) infraoribital
(2) zygomaticofacial
(3) zygomaticotemporal

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12
Q

what are the 3 cutaneous branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

(1) auriculotemporal
(2) buccal
(3) mental

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13
Q

where does the ophthalmic nerve exit the skull?

A

orbital fissure

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14
Q

where does the maxillary nerve exit the skull?

A

foramen rotundum

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15
Q

where does the mandibular nerve exit the skull?

A

foramen ovale

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16
Q

what are two theories as to what causes trigeminal neuralgia?

A

(1) compression from blood vessels as nerve exits brain stem

(2) arachnoid matter adhesions

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17
Q

where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

stylomastoid foramen

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18
Q

what nerve provides taste sensations for anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

facial nerve

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19
Q

what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

A

(1) temporal
(2) zygomatic
(3) buccal
(4) marginal mandibular
(5) cervical

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20
Q

what muscles does the temporal branch of the facial nerve innervate? (3)

A

(1) auricularis superior and anterior
(2) frontalis
(3) orbicularis oculi (superior portion)

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21
Q

what muscles does the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve innervate? (2)

A

(1) orbicularis oculi (inferior portion)

(2) facial muscles inferior to orbit

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22
Q

what muscles does the buccal branch of the facial nerve innervate? (3)

A

(1) buccinator
(2) orbicularis oris (upper portion)
(3) levator labii sup.

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23
Q

what muscles does the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve innervate? (3)

A

(1) depressor anguli oris
(2) depressor labii inf.
(3) mentalis

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24
Q

what muscles does the cervical branch of the facial nerve innervate? (1)

A

platysma

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25
Q

what are a couple observable symptoms of bell’s palsy?

A

(1) inability to close eye

(2) a-symmetrical smile

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26
Q

what do most superficial arteries of the face branch off of?

A

external carotid artery

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27
Q

what artery is a major artery of the face?

A

facial artery

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28
Q

what is jugular vein distention a sign of?

A

cardiac failure

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29
Q

what is the purpose of the meninges?

A

protect the brain and enclose the subarachnoid space

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30
Q

what are the 3 layers of the meninges from superficial to deep?

A

(1) dura matter: tough, thick external layer
(2) arachnoid matter: thin intermediate
(3) pia matter: internal vascularized layer

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31
Q

what is the subarachnoid space? what does it contain?

A

made of the 4 ventricles of the brain; cerebral spinal fluid

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32
Q

what is the outer layer that adheres to the cranial bones?

A

bilaminar membrane

(1) outer periosteal layer
(2) internal meningeal layer

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33
Q

what is the TMJ influenced by? (3)

A

(1) posture
(2) teeth
(3) tongue

34
Q

which way is the jaw pulled with forward head posture?

A

down and back

35
Q

the shape of the face is influenced by what?

A

posture

36
Q

what way are the condyles of the mandible oriented? what way is the mandibular fossa oriented?

A

(1) condyles: anterior and lateral

(2) fossa: posterior and lateral

37
Q

because the TMJ is a convex on convex, what makes this joint more congruent?

A

the disc

38
Q

what is the function of the collateral ligaments of the TMJ?

A

position the articular disc on the condyle

39
Q

what is the function of the temporomandibular ligaments?

A

limit posterior and downward movement

40
Q

what prevents forward movement of the disc of the TMJ?

A

superior stratum

41
Q

what pulls the disc posteriorly during closing?

A

inferior stratum

42
Q

what is the role of the sphenomandibular and stylomandibular ligaments?

A

limit excessive opening of mouth

43
Q

where is the disc located when the mouth is fully open? how does it reach this position?

A

between the condyle and articular eminence; the condyle rotates and the disc translates on eminence

44
Q

where does rotation of the condyle take place during the first half of opening your jaw?

A

lower compartment

45
Q

where does rotation of the condyle take place during the second half of opening your jaw?

A

upper compartment

46
Q

what are the muscles that are active when the jaw is being opened?

A

(1) suprahyoid: pulls hyoid back and mandible down

(2) lateral pterygoids: pull disc and condyle forward

47
Q

what muscles are involved with closing the jaw?

A

(1) masseter
(2) temporalis
(3) medial pterygoids
(all pull the mandible up)

48
Q

what is the normal ROM for opening at the TMJ?

A

> = 40mm

49
Q

what is normal ROM for lateral excursion of TMJ? what about for combined protrusion and retrusion?

A

(1) 10mm

(2) 10 mm

50
Q

which way will the jaw deviate with TMJ dysfunction?

A

to the AFFECTED side

51
Q

what are the 2 parts of the oral cavity?

A

(1) oral cavity proper

(2) oral vestibule

52
Q

what artery supplies blood to the lips and gingivae? (2)

A

superior and inferior labial arteries (which branch off facial)

53
Q

what structure ties the lips down?

A

labial frenula

54
Q

what nerves innervate the lips and gingivae? (2)

A

(1) infraorbital nerve

(2) mental nerve

55
Q

what is the purpose of the gingivae?

A

helps secure teeth and provide a seal around them

56
Q

how many permanent teeth are there? how are they broken down?

A

32 teeth

  • 12 molars
  • 8 premolars
  • 4 canines
  • 8 incisors
57
Q

what separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?

A

soft palate

58
Q

where do food and air cross and split to either esophagus or trachea?

A

pharynx

59
Q

what artery supplies blood to the tongue?

A

lingual; which gives rise to 3 branches

(1) dorsal lingual
(2) deep lingual
(3) sublingual

60
Q

what cranial nerves provide special sensation (taste)? (2)

A

CN 7

CN 9

61
Q

what nerve innervates almost all the muscles of the tongue?

A

CN 7 (except palatoglossus muscle)

62
Q

what cranial nerve provides general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue? what about the posterior 1/3?

A

anterior: CN V(3): mandibular nerve
posterior: CN 9

63
Q

what are the 3 salivary glands? what nerve innervates them?

A

(1) parotid: CN 9
(2) submandibular: CN 7 (lingual)
(3) sub lingual: CN 7

64
Q

what are the 3 concha? what is their purpose?

A

(1) superior nasal concha
(2) middle nasal concha
(3) inferior nasal concha
- increase surface area to moisten and warm air

65
Q

what are the main functions of the para nasal sinuses?

A

(1) amplify voice

(2) produce mucus to moisten inside of nose

66
Q

what is the function of the hyoid bone? (2)

A

(1) muscle attachments for C/S and tongue

(2) keep airway open

67
Q

what is the action of the platysma?

A

tense skin (grimace) and pull mandible down

68
Q

what nerve innervates the platysma

A

cervical branch of facial nerve

69
Q

what structure divides the neck into anterior and lateral regions?

A

SCOM

70
Q

what are the actions of the SCOM? (3)

A 
unilateral
(1) ipsilateral side flexion
(2) contralateral rotation
bilateral
(1) extension
71
Q

what are the actions of the traps? (4)

A 
unilateral
(1) ipsilateral side flexion
(2) contralateral rotation
(3) elevate scapula
bilateral
(1) extension
72
Q

what runs through the occipital triangle? (2)

A

occipital artery and CN XI

73
Q

what runs through the omoclavicular triangle? (2)

A

(1) external jugular vein

(2) subclavian artery

74
Q

what is the function of the suprahyoid muscles? (3)

A

(1) connect hyoid to cranium
(2) provide a base for tongue
(3) elevate hyoid while speaking/swallowing

75
Q

what is the function of the infrahyoid muscles? (2)

A

(1) anchor hyoid to sternum, clavicle, and scapula

(2) depress hyoid while speaking/swallowing

76
Q

what is in the submandibular triangle?

A

submandibular gland and lymph nodes

77
Q

what is in the carotid triangle? (2)

A

(1) carotid artery bifurcation

(2) CN XII

78
Q

what is the muscle action of the splenius capitis? (3)

A 
unilateral
(1) ipsilateral rotation
(2) ipsilateral side flexion
bilateral
(1) extension
79
Q

what is the muscle action of the levator scapulae? (3)

A

(1) ipsilateral rotation
(2) ipsilateral side flexion
(3) elevation of scaupla
(4) downward rotation of scaupla

80
Q

what are the parts of the subclavian artery from proximal to distal?

A

(1) medial
(2) posterior
(3) lateral

81
Q

what does the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch off of?

A

vagus nerve

Gross Anatomy II - Unit 2 (2 decks)

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