QUESTIONS Flashcards
A patient with a history of seizure disorder comes into the ED after reporting seizure activity. The patient has been taking phenytoin (dilantin) with good response, but states that symptoms have been recurring lately. Which of the following in the patients history may explain this phenomenon?
A) The patient began taking warfarin (coumadin) which is highly protein bound.
B) The patient began taking carbemazepime (tegretol), which is for seizure disorder.
C) The patient recently began taking St. Johns Wort, which is a CYP450 inducer.
D) The patient recently began taking Fluoxetine (Prozac), which is a CYP450 inhibitor.
C) The patient recently began taking St. Johns Wort, which is a CYP450 inducer.
Which of the following in the patients history could influence the serum concentration of a drug? SATA A) Liver Failure B) Renal Failure C) Alzeheimer's disease D) Heart Failure E) Malnutrition
A) Liver Failure
B) Renal Failure
C) Alzeheimer’s disease
E) Malnutrition
Aggonists are drugs that A) Increase pain B) Stimulate receptors C) Block receptors D) Are used to treat depression
B) Stimulate receptors
The patient is started on sildenafil (Viagra) for a erectile dysfunction. He reports that he drinks a lot of grapefruit juice during the day. What response by the nurse demonstrates knowledge of a CYP450 inhibitor?
A) Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP450, increasing metabolism and reducing the action of Viagra.
B) Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP450, increasing metabolism and increasing the action of Viagra,
C) Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP450, reducing metabolism and increasing the action of Viagra.
D) Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP450, reducing metabolism and reducing the action of Viagra,
C) Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP450, reducing metabolism and increasing the action of Viagra.
The patient reports becoming immune to a medication because it no longer works to alleviate symptoms. The nurse recognizes that this decreased effectiveness is likely caused by
A) antagonist produced by the body that compete with a drug for the receptor sites.
B) decreased selectivity of receptor sites, resulting in a variety of affects.
C) desensitization of receptor sites by continual exposure to the drug.
D) synthesis of more receptor sites in response to the medication.
C) desensitization of receptor sites by continual exposure to the drug.
Email adult patient is one day postop from a total hip replacement surgery. The patient reports a 10 on a 0 to 10 pain scale. Which medication will be most appropriate?
A) 60 mg morphine sulfate PO
B) 75 mg meperidine (Demerol) IM
C) 6 mg morphine sulfate IV
D) Fentanyl (Duragesic) patch 50 mcg transdermal
C) 6 mg morphine sulfate IV
A patient is given a prescription for azithromycin (Zithromax) and asks the nurse why the dose for the first day is twice the amount as the dose for the next four days. Which reply by the nurse is correct?
A) a larger initial dose helps to get the drug to optimal levels in the body faster.
B) the first dose is larger to minimize the first pass effect in the liver.
C) the four smaller doses help the body taper the amount of drug more gradually.
D) tubular reabsorption is faster with initial doses, so more is needed first.
A) a larger initial dose helps to get the drug to optimal levels in the body faster.
A patient tells the nurse that the oral drug that has been prescribed has caused a lot of stomach discomfort in the past. What will the nurse asked the prescriber?
A) whether a sub lingual form of the drug can be prescribed.
B) whether the drug can be given by a parenteral route instead.
C) whether an enteric-coated form of the drug is available.
D) whether the patient can receive a sustained release preparation of the drug.
C) whether an enteric-coated form of the drug is available.
A nurse is teaching nursing students about the use of nonproprietary names of drugs. The nurse tells them what facts about the nonproprietary names?
A) they are approved by the FDA and are easy to remember.
B) they are assigned by the US adopted names council.
C) they clearly identify the drugs pharmacological classification.
D) they imply the drugs efficacy and are less complex.
B) they are assigned by the US adopted names council.
Someone asks a nurse about a new drug that is in preclinical testing and wants to know why it cannot be used to treat a friend illness. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
A) a drug at this state of development can only be used on patients with serious diseases.
B) at this stage of drug development, the safety and usefulness of the drug is unknown.
C) clinical trials must be completed to be sure the drug is safe to use on humans.
D) until post marketing surveillance data are available, the drug cannot be used.
B) at this stage of drug development, the safety and usefulness of the drug is unknown.
Nicotinic (M) receptors are stimulated by which neurotransmitters? A) Acetylcholine B) Norepinephrine C) Epinephrine D) Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
A) Acetylcholine
Muscarinic receptors are responsible for
A) Muscle contraction
B) Stimulation of the adrenal to release adrenaline
C) Promotion of a nerve impulse to an adjacent neuron
D) Sweat gland activation
D) Sweat gland activation
Which of the following neurotransmitters are found in the sympathetic nervous system? SATA A) Acetylcholine B) Norepinephrine C) Epinephrine D) Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
A) Acetylcholine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Epinephrine
You give a drug that prevents the breakdown of Acetylcholine. Which of the following responses is consistent with the effect of this drug? A) Tachycardia B) Bronchodilation C) Reduced GI peristalsis D) Increased Sweating
D) Increased Sweating
A nurse is treating a group of nursing students about neuro pharmacology. What statement by a student about peripheral nervous system drugs indicates a need for further testing?
A) Drugs affecting axonal conduction have a variety of uses.
B) Drugs that alter synaptic transmission can be highly selective.
C) Many PNS drugs act by altering synaptic transmission.
D) These drugs work by influencing receptor activity.``
A) Drugs affecting axonal conduction have a variety of uses.
