Questions Flashcards
In what way is microbiology relevant to everyday life?
Micro organism are present in everything we interact with (ex. Pasteurized milk)
How are microbes beneficial to humans?
Ecological balance (produce Nutrients) Produce food and chemicals
Why are some infectious diseases on the rise again?
Antibiotic resistent bacteria
What are the differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes ?
Prokaryotes = No nucleus, No organelles, Some endospores, and 70s Ribosomes. Eukaryotes = Nucleus, Bound Organells, No Endospores, 80s ribosomes
What are the common shapes, sizes, and arrangments of bacteria?
Bacillus: Rod
Coccus: Spheres
Spiral: Spirals
( Diplo, Strep, Staphlo)
What are the Diffrences in size between bacteria and viruses?
.03-.3 mew = Virus
.1-1 mew = Bacteria
What are the differences between gram positive and gram negative? (cell wall)
Gram Negative: Outer membrane, Porins, LPS, and Periplasm
Gram Positive: Teichoic and lipoteichoic Acid, different proteins, Thick Peptidoglycan.
What Eukaryotic organisms have cell walls?
Fungi and Plants
How do Prokaryotes ribosomes differ from Eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes: 70s ( 30s and 50s)
Eukaryotes: 80s ( 40s and 60s)
Ribosomes are used as a point of attack when fighting Prokaryotes
What is the difference between the capsule and the slime layer?
Capsule: Tight fit, doesn’t stain well.
How can pili contribute to bacteria pathogenesis?
Allows pathogen to stick where ever they need to be.
Phase Variation: When pathogens release fragments of pili, and antibodies attack them.
How can flagella contribute to pathogenesis?
Allows bacteria to move ( possibly though mucus)
What are the different types of flagella?
Ampro = Flagella on both ends Mono = single flagella on one end Lopho = multiple flagella at one end Perit = Flagella all around the body
What are plasmids and how do they contribute to pathogenesis?
Double stranded DNA molecules that are separate from bacterial chromosomes ( usually replicated and passed down)
What is the importance of endospores formation for pathogens?
Allow for survival (puts into dormant stage)
Highly resistant to head, uv light, and desiccation
Ex. Batulium= spores get into food, inhibits Ach, paralysis
What is the role of capsule in pathogenisis?
Prevents phagocytosis (destroying of cell)
Adheres to surfaces
Hosts toxicity
What do you think are the big issues facing microbiology?
Antibiotic resistant bacteria
What are simple, differential, positive and negative stains?
Simple = Only one color Differential = more that one color Positive = stains the organism Negative = stains the background
What is a gram stain?
Takes advantage of the difference in the cell walls of different bacteria
What are the basic functions of the bacteria cell wall?
Protects cell from environment
Prevents lysis
Gives cell rigidity and shape
How can bacteria without cell wall survive, replicate, and thrive?
They live exclusively inside the body
Self replication
Antibiotic resistant ( due to antibiotics not being able to target the cell wall)
What are the clinical significances in the cell wall?
Contains certain features that immune system may target
Ex. Teichoic and lipoteichoic acid
What are the functions in the cell. W all causing disease?
Lipopolysaccharides release exotoxins when killed, causing disease.
Ex. Over stimulating the immune system, and Shock
