Questions

Question 1

In what way is microbiology relevant to everyday life?

Answer 1

Micro organism are present in everything we interact with (ex. Pasteurized milk)

Question 2

How are microbes beneficial to humans?

Answer 2

Ecological balance (produce Nutrients) 
Produce food and chemicals

Question 3

Why are some infectious diseases on the rise again?

Answer 3

Antibiotic resistent bacteria

Question 4

What are the differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes ?

Answer 4

Prokaryotes = No nucleus, No organelles, Some endospores, and 70s Ribosomes. 
Eukaryotes = Nucleus, Bound Organells, No Endospores, 80s ribosomes

Question 5

What are the common shapes, sizes, and arrangments of bacteria?

Answer 5

Bacillus: Rod
Coccus: Spheres
Spiral: Spirals
( Diplo, Strep, Staphlo)

Question 6

What are the Diffrences in size between bacteria and viruses?

Answer 6

.03-.3 mew = Virus

.1-1 mew = Bacteria

Question 7

What are the differences between gram positive and gram negative? (cell wall)

Answer 7

Gram Negative: Outer membrane, Porins, LPS, and Periplasm

Gram Positive: Teichoic and lipoteichoic Acid, different proteins, Thick Peptidoglycan.

Question 8

What Eukaryotic organisms have cell walls?

Answer 8

Fungi and Plants

Question 9

How do Prokaryotes ribosomes differ from Eukaryotes?

Answer 9

Prokaryotes: 70s ( 30s and 50s)
Eukaryotes: 80s ( 40s and 60s)

Ribosomes are used as a point of attack when fighting Prokaryotes

Question 10

What is the difference between the capsule and the slime layer?

Answer 10

Capsule: Tight fit, doesn’t stain well.

Question 11

How can pili contribute to bacteria pathogenesis?

Answer 11

Allows pathogen to stick where ever they need to be.

Phase Variation: When pathogens release fragments of pili, and antibodies attack them.

Question 12

How can flagella contribute to pathogenesis?

Answer 12

Allows bacteria to move ( possibly though mucus)

Question 13

What are the different types of flagella?

Answer 13

Ampro = Flagella on both ends
Mono = single flagella on one end
Lopho = multiple flagella at one end
Perit = Flagella all around the body

Question 14

What are plasmids and how do they contribute to pathogenesis?

Answer 14

Double stranded DNA molecules that are separate from bacterial chromosomes ( usually replicated and passed down)

Question 15

What is the importance of endospores formation for pathogens?

Answer 15

Allow for survival (puts into dormant stage)
Highly resistant to head, uv light, and desiccation
Ex. Batulium= spores get into food, inhibits Ach, paralysis

Question 16

What is the role of capsule in pathogenisis?

Answer 16

Prevents phagocytosis (destroying of cell)
Adheres to surfaces
Hosts toxicity

Question 17

What do you think are the big issues facing microbiology?

Answer 17

Antibiotic resistant bacteria

Question 18

What are simple, differential, positive and negative stains?

Answer 18

Simple = Only one color
Differential = more that one color
Positive = stains the organism
Negative = stains the background

Question 19

What is a gram stain?

Answer 19

Takes advantage of the difference in the cell walls of different bacteria

Question 20

What are the basic functions of the bacteria cell wall?

Answer 20

Protects cell from environment
Prevents lysis
Gives cell rigidity and shape

Question 21

How can bacteria without cell wall survive, replicate, and thrive?

Answer 21

They live exclusively inside the body
Self replication
Antibiotic resistant ( due to antibiotics not being able to target the cell wall)

Question 22

What are the clinical significances in the cell wall?

Answer 22

Contains certain features that immune system may target

Ex. Teichoic and lipoteichoic acid

Question 23

What are the functions in the cell. W all causing disease?

Answer 23

Lipopolysaccharides release exotoxins when killed, causing disease.

Ex. Over stimulating the immune system, and Shock