Questions

Question 1

IN AN ORGAN WHERE NO HEAT IS PRODUCED AS A RESULT OF METABOLIC REACTIONS, THE EFFICIENCY OF THE ENERGETIC REACTIONS:
A) is zero
B) is 35%
C) is 50%
D) is 100%
E) cannot be calculated

Answer 1

D) is 100%

Question 2

BILIARY PIGMENTS:
A) have a maximum normal plasma concentration of 2 mg/dl
B) are synthesized in hepatocytes
C) have increased plasma concentration in hemolysis
D) establish the hepato-entero-hepatic circulation
E) have an important digestive function

Answer 2

C) have increased plasma concentration in hemolysis

Question 3

MOTILITY:
A) inter-digestive gastric motility is stimulated by the compression of the ocular globes
B) gastric motility is stimulated by secretin
C) gastric motility is stimulated by parasympathetic
D) vesicular motility is inhibited by CCK
E) duodenal motility is stimulated by sympathetic

Answer 3

C) gastric motility is stimulated by parasympathetic

Question 4

NORMAL GASTRIC JUICE:
A) is produced by tubulo-acinar glands
B) contains high amounts of lactic acid
C) has a pH of 4.5–5.5
D) has an anti-anemic role
E) is hyperacidic in gastric cancer

Answer 4

D) has an anti-anemic role

Explanation: Gastric juice aids in iron absorption, preventing anemia.

Question 5

PAROTID GLANDS:
A) are predominantly mucous glands
B) eliminate saliva through Bartholin’s ducts
C) secrete isotonic saliva
D) secrete amylase
E) are situated below the buccal floor

Answer 5

D) secrete amylase

Question 6

ALVEOLAR AIR:
A) is in the anatomical dead space
B) is completely replaced with atmospheric air with each inspiration
C) is collected at the beginning of a calm expiration
D) participates in hemostasis

Answer 6

D) participates in homeostasis

Question 7

PNEUMOGRAM:
A) allows calculation of the inspiratory/expiratory ratio
B) records hyperventilation in patients with metabolic acidosis
C) allows calculation of resting respiratory rate
D) is performed with the help of a spirometer

Answer 7

C) allows calculation of resting respiratory rate

Question 8

PULMONARY ELASTIC RECOIL:
A) is produced by superficial tension
B) is decreased by surfactant
C) if strong it will make pleural pressure more negative
D) if weak it will make the lungs more compliant

Answer 8

B) is decreased by surfactant

Question 9

A PATIENT WITH OBSTRUCTIVE VENTILATORY DYSFUNCTION:
A) normal vital capacity
B) Tiffeneau index = 50%
C) prolonged expiration
D) normal tidal volume

Answer 9

B) Tiffeneau Index = 50%

Question 10

MANDIBULAR DEPRESSION REFLEX:
A) is triggered by the stimulation of neuromuscular spindles
B) is triggered by the stimulation of periodontal receptors
C) motor neurons serving the elevator muscles are stimulated by impulses from Golgi tendon organs
D) is triggered by the stimulation of gustatory receptors
E) the contraction of the depressor muscles is sudden

Answer 10

A) is triggered by the stimulation of neuromuscular spindles

Question 11

AT THE LEVEL OF THE EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE STRIATED SALIVARY DUCTS:
A) K+ is reabsorbed
B) Na+ is secreted
C) ATPase Na+/K+ is located at the basal pole
D) ATPase Na+/K+ removes K+ from cells
E) Cl- is secreted apically in exchange for H+

Answer 11

C) ATPase Na+/K+ is located at the basal pole

Question 12

INTESTINAL ABSORPTION:
A) of digested carbohydrates takes place in the duodenum and jejunum
B) of proteins predominantly occurs passively
C) of lipids takes place mainly in the duodenum
D) of water occurs at 50%
E) of glucose occurs in the colon

Answer 12

A) of digested carbohydrates takes place in the duodenum and jejunum

Question 13

THE FUNDAMENTAL TASTES:
A) salty taste is produced by KCl
B) sweet taste has the lowest gustatory threshold
C) bitter taste is produced by sugars
D) sour taste is perceived only at the edges of the tongue
E) umami taste is produced by glutamate

Answer 13

E) umami taste is produced by glutamate

Question 14

NORMAL GASTRIC JUICE IN ADULTS:
A) does not digest cooked starch
B) contains trypsin which digests proteins C) is produced by glandular acinar cells
D) contains high concentrations of HCO3- E) has a pH of 4.5–5

Answer 14

A) does not digest cooked starch

Question 15

LEPTIN:
A) is produced by adipose tissue cells
B) is found in pancreatic juice
C) increases body fat content
D) increases food intake
E) plays a role in milk coagulation

Answer 15

A) is produced by adipose tissue cells

Question 16

THE IMMUNOGLOBULINS ABSENT FROM SALIVA ARE:
A) IgA
B) IgG
C) IgD
D) IgE
E) IgM

Answer 16

C) IgD

Question 17

THE BASAL METABOLIC RATE CAN BE CALCULATED IF WE KNOW:
A) fasting blood glucose
B) body temperature
C) caloric value of daily food intake
D) amount of oxygen consumed at rest
E) number of calories consumed during daily physical activity

Answer 17

D) amount of oxygen consumed at rest

Question 18

. SECONDARY PERISTALTIC CONTRACTIONS DURING THE ESOPHAGEAL PHASE OF SWALLOWING:
A) allow voluntary retention of the food bolus
B) are initiated by the contraction of the tongue muscles
C) are the continuation of pharyngeal peristaltic waves
D) produce the gastro-esophageal reflux
E) end when the food bolus passes through the cardia

Answer 18

E) end when the food bolus passes through the cardia

Question 19

A PERSON IN “BASAL” CONDITIONS CONSUMES ENERGY FOR:
A) physical effort
B) maintaining a constant body temperature
C) digesting proteins
D) psychological processes of learning and memory
E) renal activity

Answer 19

B) maintaining a constant body temperature

Question 20

THE BENEDICT METHOD OF DETERMINING BASAL METABOLISM IS BASED ON:
A) measuring the heat eliminated by the body at rest
B) measuring daily CO2 elimination at rest
C) measuring O2 consumption by the body at rest
D) calculating the number of calories from the diet
E) calculating the number of calories consumed during physical effort

Answer 20

C) measuring O2 consumption by the body at rest

Question 21

SIALORRHEA APPEARS:
A) in individuals over 60 years of age
B) in dehydration
C) in hyperhydration
D) in acute stomatitis
E) in degenerative lesions of the salivary glands

Answer 21

D) in acute stomatitis

Question 22

A VALUE OF 80 KCAL/m² FOR BASAL METABOLISM IN A NORMAL-WEIGHT ADULT:
A) is normal
B) is pathologically decreased
C) is pathologically increased
D) is decreased but within normal limits (-10%)
E) is increased but within normal limits (+10%)

Answer 22

A) is normal

Question 23

THE MANDIBULAR ELEVATION REFLEX IS TRIGGERED BY:
A) impulses from the pressoreceptors of the elevator muscles of the mandible
B) impulses from the pressoreceptors of the depressor muscles of the mandible
C) impulses from the neuromuscular spindles of the elevator muscles of the mandible
D) impulses from the neuromuscular spindles of the depressor muscles of the mandible
E) impulses from the pressoreceptors on the adjacent areas of the teeth

Answer 23

C) impulses from the neuromuscular spindles of the elevator muscles of the mandible