Pipe Flashcards
(45 cards)
Regarding saliva, it is true that:
A. hypersalivation is a consequence of dehydration
B. noradrenaline increases salivary secretion
C. stimulated saliva contains less HCO3
D. in ductal cells, the Na/K ATPase is located apically
E. acetylcholine decreases Ca2+ concentration in acinar cells
B. noradrenaline increases salivary secretion
If the duration of left ventricular depolarization increases, the ECG changes:
A. PQ segment
B. Ta wave
C. P wave
D. none of the options are correct
E. PQ interval
D. None of the options are correct
Gastric contractions:
A. interdigestive contractions are stimulated by intestinal dilation
B. evacuative contractions are segmental
C. are cholinergically stimulated
D. are stimulated by the hyperosmolarity of the chyme
E. are controlled by the main motor area
C. Are cholinergically stimulated
The crypts of Lieberkühn do NOT:
A. are found in the jejunum
B. secrete lysozyme
C. secrete mucus
D. have an endocrine function
E. are found in the ileum
C. Secrete mucus
Choose the correct statement regarding the jaw-dropping reflex:
A. the motoneurons serving the depressor muscles are stimulated by impulses from the Golgi receptors
B. it is triggered by the stimulation of neuromuscular spindles in the levator muscles
C. it is triggered by the stimulation of pressure receptors in the oral cavity
D. the contraction of the depressor muscles is a twitch
E. it is triggered by the stimulation of pressure receptors in the depressor muscles
B. it is triggered by the stimulation of neuromuscular spindles in the levator muscles
It is true that:
A. venous pulse is examined at the jugular vein
B. the end-diastolic volume of the right ventricle is smaller than that of the left ventricle
C. end-diastolic filling is passive
D. in protodiastole, blood passes through the mitral valve
E. the right ventricle depolarizes before the left ventricle
A. venous pulse is examined at the jugular vein
According to the heart’s law:
A. the systolic pressure of the left ventricle increases with volume up to 150 ml
B. the diastolic pressure of the left ventricle increases with volume up to 150 ml
C. cardiac output decreases if peripheral vasoconstriction occurs
D. the cardiac output of the left ventricle is greater than that of the right heart
E. the systolic pressure of the left ventricle is equal to that of the right ventricle
A. the systolic pressure of the left ventricle increases with volume up to 150 ml
A stimulant factor of cardiac activity is:
A. Na+
B. alkalosis
C. K+
D. the vagus nerve
E. H+
B. alkalosis
During stress:
A. cortisol decreases
B. TSH decreases
C. adrenaline decreases
D. aldosterone decreases
E. prolactin decreases
B. TSH decreases
It is true that:
A. pheochromocytoma causes arterial hypertension
B. ACE inhibitors increase blood pressure
C. aldosterone blockers increase blood pressure
D. increased potassium levels block aldosterone secretion
E. angiotensin II inhibits thirst centers
A. pheochromocytoma causes arterial hypertension
It is true that:
A. hyperparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia
B. in Hashimoto’s disease there are autoantibodies with TSH-like effect
C. in Addison’s disease hyponatremia occurs
D. in bronze diabetes there is hypersecretion of glucocorticoids
E. in diabetes insipidus the diuresis is around 600 ml/day
C. in Addison’s disease hyponatremia occurs
Regarding the properties of the heart, it is true that:
A. the heart is excitable in diastole
B. in the SA node, cells have fast Na+ channels
C. in contractile myocardial fibers, phase 2 of the action potential coincides with diastole
D. the membrane of cells in cardiac automatic centers is impermeable to Na+
E. in the SA node, the action potential duration is longer than in the His bundles
A. the heart is excitable in diastole
Cortisol has the effect of:
A. minor mineralocorticoid
B. increasing bone growth
C. decreasing the number of red blood cells
D. pro-inflammatory
E. hypotensive
D. pro-inflammatory
Reduced blood flow:
A. at the tissue level increases pain intensity
B. at the tissue level is caused by bradykinin
C. at the forearm level can reveal neuromuscular hypoexcitability in spasmophilia
D. is caused by muscle contraction-induced vasodilation
E. in the myocardium releases substances with pressor effect
A. at the tissue level increases pain intensity
The stomach:
A. has voluntary contractions
B. has glands that can regenerate
C. forms gastric juice that contains gastrin
D. has a microbial flora that ferments carbohydrates
E. degrades proteins through the action of trypsin
B. has glands that can regenerate
Leptin:
A. increases metabolism
B. is less in overweight people
C. is synthesized by the paraventricular nucleus
D. in excess increases body weight
E. stimulates hunger centers
A. increases metabolism
The 4th heart sound:
A. is also called protodiastolic sound
B. appears in the elderly when ventricular compliance is high
C. splits during inspiration
D. has a low frequency
E. is heard in the small pause
D. Has a low frequency
Secretin:
A. increases pancreatic juice secretion rich in mucus
B. inhibits intestinal secretion
C. has a hydrelatic effect
D. has a cholecystokinetic effect
E. increases gastric motility
C. has a hydrelatic effect
Regarding osteotendinous reflexes:
A. the Achilles reflex results in leg flexion
B. can present an adaptation phenomenon
C. depend on calcium levels
D. the bicipital reflex center is located in the spinal cord at C4-C6
E. can have increased amplitude in thyroid hypofunction
D. the bicipital reflex center is located in the spinal cord at C4-C6
A cardiac pressor effect occurs as a result of:
A. stimulation of carotid baroreceptors
B. stimulation of aortic chemoreceptors
C. Henry-Gauer reflex
D. trigemino-vagal reflexes
E. stimulation of volume receptors in the right atrium
B. stimulation of aortic chemoreceptors
It is true that:
A. salivary IgA has a role in nonspecific defense
B. salivary calcium is directly proportional to salivary flow
C. salivary sodium is inversely proportional to salivary flow
D. IgAs have a role in specific cellular immunity
E. Bartholin’s duct releases submandibular saliva
A. salivary IgA has a role in nonspecific defense
Thyroxine:
A. has an atherogenic effect
B. inhibits nervous system development
C. is T3
D. through deiodination forms T3 or T4
E. has low plasma concentrations in some forms of goiter
E. has low plasma concentrations in some forms of goiter
It is true that:
A. thyroid hormones decrease muscle tone
B. insulin mobilizes fatty acids
C. vitamin D3 in excess has a PTH-like effect
D. aldosterone acts at the level of Henle’s loop
E. excess catecholamines cause Conn’s disease
B. insulin mobilizes fatty acids
Bile pigments:
A. have increased plasma concentration in common bile duct obstructions
B. achieve hepato-enteric-hepatic circulation
C. reduce surface tension
D. have a normal plasma concentration of 1.8 mg/dL
E. are synthesized from cholesterol
A. have increased plasma concentration in common bile duct obstructions
