Questions

Question 1

Explain the importance of Information Technology

Answer 1

1. IT is driving a new digital economy, in which enhancements in hardware, software, and connectivity provide enormous benefits for businesses and individuals
2. When an economy falls, firms use IT to reduce cost production and improve efficiency.

Question 2

Explain the role of domain modeling in systems design.

Answer 2

Domain modeling in systems design provides a structured representation of the problem domain, guiding the creation of software that accurately reflects real-world concepts and requirements.

Question 3

Explain two advantages of parallel changeover method over the direct changeover method.

Answer 3

There is reduced risk involved in parallel changeover since the old system can be relied on as backup, unlike direct changeover where the old system is terminated as soon as the new system is operational.
There is a reduced risk of system failure since both the old and new operate for a specific period until the stakeholders are satisfied that the new information system is operating correctly, unlike direct cutover, where the old system is terminated as soon as the new system is operational.

Question 4

What is system changeover

Answer 4

It is the process of putting the new information system online and retiring the older system

Question 5

What is direct cutover/changeover

Answer 5

Direct cutover approach causes the changeover from the old system to the new system to occur immediately when the new system becomes operational.

Question 6

Advantage of direct cutover.

Answer 6

Least expensive method.

Question 7

Disadvantage of the direct cutover approach

Answer 7

1. Involves high risk of data loss as the company cannot revert to the old system as a backup option.
2. Involves more risks of total system failure.

Question 8

What is the parallel operation approach.

Answer 8

This changeover method requires that both the old and the new information systems operate fully for a specific period until the stakeholders are satisfied that the new system operates correctly, the old system is terminated.

Question 9

Advantages of parallel operation approach

Answer 9

It has very low amount of risk since if the new system doesn’t work correctly, the company can use the old system as a backup.

Question 10

Disadvantage of parallel operation changeover approach

Answer 10

Most costly changeover method
Data have to be input into both systems resulting in increased workload and processing delays

Question 11

What is the pilot operation changeover approach

Answer 11

It involves implementing a complete new system at a selected location of the company called the pilot site, as the old system continues to operate for the entire organization.
After the new system proves successful at the pilot site, it is implemented in the rest of the organization, usually using direct cutover method.
It is a combination of parallel operation and direct cutover methods.

Question 12

Advantages of pilot operation

Answer 12

The assurance of the working of the new system by the pilot site reduces the risk of system failure.
Less expensive than the parallel approach

Question 13

What is phased operation approach

Answer 13

It is the implementation of new system in modules or stages.
Combination of direct cutover and parallel operation.

Question 14

Advantages of phased operation

Answer 14

The risk of errors is limited to the implemented module only
Less expensive than the full parallel operation

Question 15

Disadvantages of phased operation changeover approach

Answer 15

in some cases, phased operation can cost more than the pilot approach where the system involves a large number of separate phases.

Question 16

What is a relationship in system design

Answer 16

This is the association that describes the interaction between entities or components within a system.

Question 17

What is a constraint according to system design

Answer 17

It refers to the boundaries or limitations that shape how a system can operate.

Question 18

What is a physical model

Answer 18

A physical model is a tangible representation of a system that can be physically manipulated or observed created in the system design phase

Question 19

What is the logic model

Answer 19

This is an abstract representation of the structure and flow of data within a system created in the system analysis phase

Question 20

What is an attribute according to system design

Answer 20

It refers to a specific quality or characteristic that influences the behavior, performance, or properties of a system.

Question 21

What is entity according to system design

Answer 21

It represents a general-purpose object or concept consisting of a unique identifier.