Questioned document analysis Flashcards
Name 9 offence types.
extortion fraud money laundering murder blackmail kidnap drugs vandalism trafficking
Types of exhibits
prescription pads cheques letters envelopes documents ransom demands antiques wills contracts autographs inks banknotes shopping lists greeting cards passports and identity documents historical importance
Name 3 things you cannot tell from handwriting analysis
handedness
gender
age
What are class or style characteristics?
no unique
copybook characteristics
probably learned or developed during primary education
underground characteristics
What are individual characteristics?
unique features found in only the writing of the author
developed over time
What are striations?
curves and direction changes
characteristic darker spot at the start of pen stroke
lightening at the very stoke end
light area present in consistent areas
What does ESDA stand for?
electrostatic detection apparatus
What is ESDA?
uses charge to detect
indented area on paper or indeed other materials
paper covered in a film and vacuum hold both very flat
charge applied - indented areas hold more charge
toner powder applied which is attracted to charge
indentations become visible
What are the three main methods of forgery?
free hand
tracing
indented impression
What does VSC stand for?
video spectral comparator
What does VSC use?
IR or UV lighting to identify disparity in absorption or reflectance
What 4 things can be used for ink analysis?
TLC - Thin Layer Chromatography
GC/HPLC
capillary electrophoresis
raman spectroscopy
What is used to disappear ink?
cheque washing
solvents/chemicals
Document and currency
counterfeiting
production of a facsimile intended to defraud
can include legal documents and passports
Name 5 features that can be found on documents to prevent fraud.
complex printing methods UV of IK active features holograms colour changing inks images only visible under specialist lighting
