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Essentials > Bite marks > Flashcards

Bite marks Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of a forensic scientist who specialises in teeth?

A

forensic odontologist

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2
Q

Forensic Odontologist

A 
specialist field
few in the UK
DVI- identification of human remain using dental records
identification of missing persons
age estimation
archaeological lifestyle/diet analysis 
mark analysis and comparison
bitemark analysis
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3
Q

What is the application of dental principles to legal issues called?

A

odontology

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4
Q

What are the two applications of odontology?

A 
Individual identification of the living
-illegal immigration
-asylum seekers
-abuse cases
-bite mark analysis
Individual identification of the deceased
-unknown human remains
-picture of lifestyle and diet
-habits, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and age
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5
Q

What are the 5 life stages?

A 
foetal
birth
childhood
adolescence 
adulthood
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6
Q

What is mixed dentition?

A

a mixture of deciduous and permanent teeth exist within the mouth at the same time, can last 6-13 years

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7
Q

What is permanent adult dentition?

A

approx 32 teeth

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8
Q

What are the 4 types of teeth?

A

molars
pre-molars
canines
incisors

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9
Q

How many incisors on average does a human have?

A

8

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10
Q

What do incisors do?

A

shear materials such as meat/plant

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11
Q

How many canines on average does a human have?

A

4

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12
Q

What do canines do?

A

gripping materials, strong and deep rooted

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13
Q

How many pre-molars on average does a human have?

A

8

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14
Q

What do pre-molars do?

A

characteristics of canines and molars

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15
Q

How many molars on average does a human have?

A

12

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16
Q

What do molars do?

A

4 are wisdom teeth

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17
Q

Alignment

A

maxillary (upper) set project outside the bounds of the mandibular (lower) set

18
Q

What is the overshoot in teeth called?

A

maxillary

19
Q

What is the undershoot in teeth called?

A

mandibular

20
Q

What is the difference between a bite mark and a teeth mark?

A 
bite = pattern left by a bite
teeth = marks left passivley and without malice
21
Q

passively of analysising bite marks

A 
photographed with scale
bite marks on skin taken over repeated intervals
casts of impression taken
impression traced onto transparencies
cast of suspects teeth taken
22
Q

What is the miniumum teeth from each arch that should be shown on the skin to be classified as a bite mark?

A

4-5

23
Q

Name 4 injuries that are often confused with bite marks?

A

ECG electrodes
burns
pressure
disease

24
Q

What shape are human bite marks?

A

U-shaped arches

25
Q

What shape are canines?

A

triangular

26
Q

What shape are incisors?

A

rectangular

27
Q

How many marks to pre-molars often leave?

A

2

28
Q

What else may bite marks cause if the pressure breaks blood vessels?

A

bruising

29
Q

Abrasion bite mark

A

superficial mark

30
Q

Contunsion bite mark

A

actual bruising

31
Q

haemorrhage bite mark

A

bleeding
laceration=tearing
incision=neat cut/puncture
avusion=removal of skin

32
Q

Characteristics of bite marks

A 
tooth shapes
tooth position
tooth width and thickness
tooth rotation
gaps and distances between teeth
tooth grooves/ridges
tooth damage and filings
tooth wear
missing teeth
33
Q

Preservation

A

minor abrasions may fade

contusions may develop further

34
Q

Photography of bite marks

A

variety of shots using lighting techniques
scale always used
ultra violet techniques
melanocytes gather at wound edges, these absorb UV light
infrared can be used once visible injury disappears

35
Q

Impression casting

A

can be taken from foodstuffs
may involve the production of cast using dental stone or silicone rubber
also cast wound area to determine 3D structure
injuries create inflammation = distortion

36
Q

What is primary distortion of bite marks?

A

determined by the actual act of biting found in every bite mark. Dynamic distortion due to skins movement during biting. Tissue distortion due to the difference in skin elasticity.

37
Q

What is secondary distortion?

A

occurs after biting, time related issues.

38
Q

Reference samples

A

DNA

  • buccal swab/hair
  • full casts/test bite
39
Q

Computer odontology

A

odonto search
-database
automatic dental ID system
-list of people with same dental code number
3D bite mark analysis
-used to generate overlays using pressure and deviation

40
Q

Odontosearch

A

different people have the same dental codes
strength of match based on clinical experience of dentist
objective means of assessing the frequency of occurrence for a dental code.

Essentials (10 decks)

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