Bite marks

Question 1

What is the name of a forensic scientist who specialises in teeth?

Answer 1

forensic odontologist

Question 2

Forensic Odontologist

Answer 2

specialist field
few in the UK
DVI- identification of human remain using dental records
identification of missing persons
age estimation
archaeological lifestyle/diet analysis 
mark analysis and comparison
bitemark analysis

Question 3

What is the application of dental principles to legal issues called?

Answer 3

odontology

Question 4

What are the two applications of odontology?

Answer 4

Individual identification of the living
-illegal immigration
-asylum seekers
-abuse cases
-bite mark analysis
Individual identification of the deceased
-unknown human remains
-picture of lifestyle and diet
-habits, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and age

Question 5

What are the 5 life stages?

Answer 5

foetal
birth
childhood
adolescence 
adulthood

Question 6

What is mixed dentition?

Answer 6

a mixture of deciduous and permanent teeth exist within the mouth at the same time, can last 6-13 years

Question 7

What is permanent adult dentition?

Answer 7

approx 32 teeth

Question 8

What are the 4 types of teeth?

Answer 8

molars
pre-molars
canines
incisors

Question 9

How many incisors on average does a human have?

Answer 9

8

Question 10

What do incisors do?

Answer 10

shear materials such as meat/plant

Question 11

How many canines on average does a human have?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

What do canines do?

Answer 12

gripping materials, strong and deep rooted

Question 13

How many pre-molars on average does a human have?

Answer 13

8

Question 14

What do pre-molars do?

Answer 14

characteristics of canines and molars

Question 15

How many molars on average does a human have?

Answer 15

12

Question 16

What do molars do?

Answer 16

4 are wisdom teeth

Question 17

Alignment

Answer 17

maxillary (upper) set project outside the bounds of the mandibular (lower) set

Question 18

What is the overshoot in teeth called?

Answer 18

maxillary

Question 19

What is the undershoot in teeth called?

Answer 19

mandibular

Question 20

What is the difference between a bite mark and a teeth mark?

Answer 20

bite = pattern left by a bite
teeth = marks left passivley and without malice

Question 21

passively of analysising bite marks

Answer 21

photographed with scale
bite marks on skin taken over repeated intervals
casts of impression taken
impression traced onto transparencies
cast of suspects teeth taken

Question 22

What is the miniumum teeth from each arch that should be shown on the skin to be classified as a bite mark?

Answer 22

4-5

Question 23

Name 4 injuries that are often confused with bite marks?

Answer 23

ECG electrodes
burns
pressure
disease

Question 24

What shape are human bite marks?

Answer 24

U-shaped arches

Question 25

What shape are canines?

Answer 25

triangular

Question 26

What shape are incisors?

Answer 26

rectangular

Question 27

How many marks to pre-molars often leave?

Answer 27

2

Question 28

What else may bite marks cause if the pressure breaks blood vessels?

Answer 28

bruising

Question 29

Abrasion bite mark

Answer 29

superficial mark

Question 30

Contunsion bite mark

Answer 30

actual bruising

Question 31

haemorrhage bite mark

Answer 31

bleeding laceration=tearing incision=neat cut/puncture avusion=removal of skin

Question 32

Characteristics of bite marks

Answer 32

``` tooth shapes tooth position tooth width and thickness tooth rotation gaps and distances between teeth tooth grooves/ridges tooth damage and filings tooth wear missing teeth ```

Question 33

Preservation

Answer 33

minor abrasions may fade | contusions may develop further

Question 34

Photography of bite marks

Answer 34

variety of shots using lighting techniques scale always used ultra violet techniques melanocytes gather at wound edges, these absorb UV light infrared can be used once visible injury disappears

Question 35

Impression casting

Answer 35

can be taken from foodstuffs may involve the production of cast using dental stone or silicone rubber also cast wound area to determine 3D structure injuries create inflammation = distortion

Question 36

What is primary distortion of bite marks?

Answer 36

determined by the actual act of biting found in every bite mark. Dynamic distortion due to skins movement during biting. Tissue distortion due to the difference in skin elasticity.

Question 37

What is secondary distortion?

Answer 37

occurs after biting, time related issues.

Question 38

Reference samples

Answer 38

DNA - buccal swab/hair - full casts/test bite

Question 39

Computer odontology

Answer 39

odonto search -database automatic dental ID system -list of people with same dental code number 3D bite mark analysis -used to generate overlays using pressure and deviation

Question 40

Odontosearch

Answer 40

different people have the same dental codes strength of match based on clinical experience of dentist objective means of assessing the frequency of occurrence for a dental code.