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Revision PE IGCSE > Question Set 2 > Flashcards

Question Set 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Tidal Volume?

A

“The amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a single

breath”

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2
Q

What is Vital Capacity?

A

The amount of air expelled after taking the deepest possible breath

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3
Q

What effect does exercise have on Tidal Volume?

A

It increases

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4
Q

What components make up the Respiratory System?

A 
Lungs 
Bronchi 
Bronchioles 
Alveoli 
Diaphram
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5
Q

What are the two energy systems used?

A

Aerobic

Anaerobic

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6
Q

What is aerobic Respiration?

A

The process of releasing energy from glucose using oxygen

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7
Q

What is anaerobic Respiration?

A

The process of releasing energy from glucose

without oxygen

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8
Q

What is Oxygen Debt?

A

When you have a short intense burst of exercise such as sprinting you generate energy for this anaerobically or without oxygen. When you stop exercising you are still breathing heavily. This is your body taking in extra oxygen to ‘repay’ the debt.

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9
Q

What are the short term effects of exercise on

the Muscular system?

A

Lactate accumulation

Muscle fatigue

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10
Q

What are the short term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart rate increases Stroke volume increases Cardiac output increases

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11
Q

What are the short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?

A

Depth of breathing increases

Tidal volume increases

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12
Q

What are the three classes of Levers

A

First Class
Second Class
Third Class

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13
Q

What makes up a lever?

A

Load
Effort
Fulcrum

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14
Q

What is in the middle of a First class lever?

A

Fulcrum

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15
Q

What is in the middle of a Second class lever?

A

Load

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16
Q

What is in the middle of a Third class lever?

A

Effort

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17
Q

Describe the Mechanical Advantage of a first class lever?

A

Allows you to apply a small effort to move a large load with a large range of movement

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18
Q 
Describe the Mechanical Advantage of a Second
class lever?
A

Allows you to apply small effort to move a large

load with a small range of movement

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19
Q 
Describe the Mechanical Advantage of a Third
class lever?
A

There is a large range of movement so you can

only move a small load

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20
Q

Explain the relationship between Health, Fitness

and Exercise?

A

Exercise can increase health and fitness as there
is less chance of developing coronary heart disease and exercise increases cardiovascular fitness. However too much exercise and not enough rest can cause overuse injuries.

21
Q

What is the definition of Fitness?

A

The ability to meet the demands of the

environment

22
Q

Define the term Health

A

Health is a state of complete emotional, physical

and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

23
Q

Define the term Exercise

A

Form of physical activity done to maintain or

improve health and/or fitness; it is not competitive sport

24
Q

What are the different components of fitness?

A 
Cardiovascular Fitness
Strength
Muscular Endurance
Flexibility
Body Composition
Agility
Balance 
Coordination 
Power 
Reaction Time 
Speed
25
Q

Why do we fitness test?

A

Identify current fitness levels
Identify strengths
Identify weaknesses
Identify starting level of fitness

26
Q

What test measure Cardiovascular endurance?

A

Harvard step test
Multi stage fitness test
12 minute Cooper run

27
Q

What test measures Strength?

A

Grip Dynamometer

28
Q

What test measures Speed?

A

30m Sprint test

29
Q

What test measures Power?

A

Vertical Jump Test

30
Q

What test measures Flexibility?

A

Sit and Reach Test

31
Q

What test measures Agility?

A

Illinois Agility Test

32
Q

What are the principles of training?

A 
Individual needs
Specificity 
Progressive overload - FITT
Overtraining 
Reversibility 
Tedium
33
Q

Describe overtraining

A

Gradually increasing the amount of work so

fitness improves safely

34
Q

State 4 ways to progressively overload?

A

Frequency Intensity Time

Type

35
Q

What does the Karvonen calculate?

A

Training zones using heart rate

36
Q

How do you calculate Maximum heart rate?

A

220-age

37
Q

How do you calculate aerobic training zone?

A

Lower threshold = max heart rate x 0.6 (60%) Upper threshold = max heart rate x 0.8 (80%)

38
Q

What happens as we get older to target zones?

A

Our maximum heart rate decreases which means

our target zones will get lower

39
Q

What 3 factors must be considered when planning a training programme?

A

Fitness / Sport requirements
Facilities
Current level of fitness

40
Q

Explain Continuous training

A

Low to moderate intensity exercise which last for a long duration without breaks

41
Q

Explain Fartlek training

A

Changing speed / pace over different distances and terrains

42
Q

Explain Circuit training

A

Working different muscle groups at stations for a

set number of repetitions or time, often with a recovery period.

43
Q

Explain Interval training

A

Periods of work, often high intensity, alternated with periods of rest and then repeated

44
Q

Explain plyometric training

A

Involves jumping from one level to another

where the muscle gets longer when you land and then quickly gets shorter and provides power to make the next jump

45
Q

Explain Weight / Resistance training

A

Uses skeletal muscle to contract and overcome

resistance

46
Q

What fitness classes might you do as a method of training?

A

Aerobics
Body Pump Spinning Yoga
Pilates
Body Pump

47
Q

What are the long term effects and (benefits) of aerobic and anaerobic training on the Cardio- respiratory systems?

A
  1. Increased heart size and strength (increased o2 delivery due to larger heart chambers and more blood pumped per beat)
  2. Increased capillarisation and alveoli ( increased o2 delivery due to a larger surface area for gaseous exchange)
  3. Increased stroke volume (more blood can be pumped per beat due to increase in heart size and strength)
  4. Decreased resting heart rate (heart is more efficient due to an increase in size and strength)
  5. Faster recovery rate (heart is more efficient due to size and strength)
  6. Increased number of red blood cells (increased o2 delivery due to more haemoglobin carrying extra o2)
  7. Drop in resting blood cells (muscular wall of veins and arteries are more elastic, so less likely to suffer from a stroke)
  8. Increased lung and vital capacity (lungs are more efficient, so are better at delivering oxygen and removing waste products)
  9. Increased strength of diaphragm and external intercostal muscles (the breathing muscles are stronger which means they can contract with more force to inhale and exhale more air)
48
Q

What are the long term effects and (benefits) of aerobic and anaerobic training on the Musculo- Skeletal systems?

A

Increased strength of ligaments and tendons (reduces the risk of injury like a sprain or strain) Increased strength and size of muscle –
hypertrophy (the body is stronger. So a javelin thrower is able to throw the javelin further) Increased bone density (this reduces the risk of injury like a fracture)

Revision PE IGCSE (2 decks)

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