Question Paper Flashcards
Identify at least two uses of each of the following man-made fibres
Regenerated polymers
Synthetic polymers
Rayon
polyester
Acetate
Each is 4 marks
Uses of Man-Made Fibres
- Regenerated Polymers:
Used in making apparel fabrics like dresses and blouses due to their soft texture.
Used in upholstery and home textiles for drapes and curtains because of their durability and aesthetic appeal.
- Synthetic Polymers:
Used in sportswear and outdoor clothing because of their moisture-wicking properties.
Commonly used in industrial products like ropes, seat belts, and nets due to their strength.
- Rayon:
Used in fashion clothing like dresses and suits for its silky texture and comfort.
Used in bed linens and home décor fabrics because of its ability to mimic natural fibers like cotton and silk.
- Polyester:
Widely used in clothing, such as T-shirts and activewear, for its wrinkle resistance and durability.
Used in bedding and furnishings, like pillowcases and curtains, because of its strength and easy maintenance.
- Acetate:
Used in linings for clothing, as it is smooth and luxurious.
Applied in ribbons and labels for its glossy appearance and flexibility.
Methods of producing yarn are illustrated with the symbols Z and S. explain to methods applying when producing Yarns
Methods of Producing Yarns: Z-Twist and S-Twist
- Z-Twist:
Explanation: In this method, the fibers are twisted in a direction that resembles the central part of the letter “Z.” The twist is applied in a clockwise direction.
Application:
Commonly used for weaving yarns as it provides a tighter twist and more strength.
Suitable for fabrics requiring durability, such as denim and twill.
- S-Twist:
Explanation: In this method, fibers are twisted in a direction that resembles the central part of the letter “S.” The twist is applied in a counterclockwise direction.
Application:
Often used for knitting yarns as it creates a softer, more flexible texture.
Ideal for garments that prioritize comfort, such as sweaters and T-shirts.
Conclusion: The Z-twist and S-twist methods cater to different fabric needs, balancing strength and softness based on the end-use requirements.
It is very important to know the different type of fabric before it is used in production. Discuss the following methods of fabric identification.
a) physical
B)chemical each is 10 Marks
Methods of Fabric Identification
a) Physical Identification:
Physical identification involves using the senses (sight, touch, and smell) to determine fabric properties.
Appearance: Observing the fabric’s texture, weave, and sheen. For instance, silk appears shiny and smooth, while cotton is matte and soft.
Touch: Feeling the fabric for characteristics like smoothness, elasticity, or stiffness. Natural fibers are often softer than synthetic ones.
Burn Test: Burning a small piece to observe how it reacts. Natural fibers like cotton burn with a soft flame and leave ash, while synthetic fibers melt and form beads.
Strength Test: Pulling or stretching the fabric to assess its durability or elasticity.
Smell Test: Some fabrics emit distinctive smells when burned. For example, wool smells like burning hair, while polyester has a chemical odor.
b) Chemical Identification:
Chemical methods use reagents and solvents to identify fabric composition.
Solubility Test: Exposing the fabric to specific chemicals to see if it dissolves. For example, acetone dissolves acetate, while sulfuric acid affects cotton.
Stain Test: Applying dyes or reagents to determine fiber type. Natural fibers absorb dye evenly, while synthetics might resist.
Microscopic Analysis: Using a microscope to examine fiber structure. Cotton shows a twisted ribbon-like appearance, while polyester appears smooth and uniform.
Chemical Reaction: Testing with alkalis or acids. Wool reacts with alkalis by degrading, while cotton remains unaffected.
Conclusion:
Understanding physical and chemical methods of fabric identification is crucial for selecting the right fabric for production, ensuring quality, and meeting specific garment requirements.
Explain the following processes of producing yarn
cleaning
opening
combining
carding
each is 5 marks
Processes of Producing Yarn
- Cleaning:
Explanation: The process of removing impurities such as dirt, dust, seeds, and grease from raw fibers.
How it works:
Involves washing or scouring the fibers using detergents and chemicals.
This step ensures the fibers are clean and suitable for further processing.
Importance: Produces cleaner yarn with better quality and appearance.
- Opening:
Explanation: Loosening and separating the fibers into smaller tufts to prepare them for blending.
How it works:
Fibers are fed into an opening machine that breaks compacted fiber bales into smaller, more manageable pieces.
Importance: Helps to eliminate foreign matter and ensures uniform fiber distribution.
- Combining:
Explanation: Mixing different types of fibers to achieve specific properties in the final yarn.
How it works:
Fibers of different lengths, colors, or materials are blended to create uniformity.
Importance: Improves the strength, texture, and quality of the yarn.
- Carding:
Explanation: Aligning the fibers in a parallel manner to form a thin web.
How it works:
The fibers pass through a carding machine, which disentangles, cleans, and lays them straight.
A continuous strand, called a sliver, is created.
Importance: Ensures the fibers are smooth and ready for spinning.
Each of these processes plays a crucial role in transforming raw fibers into high-quality yarn.
Identify five end users of fabric in the list below
a)clothing
B)household
each is 10 marks
End Users of Fabric
a) Clothing:
- Casual Wear: T-shirts, jeans, and dresses for daily use.
- Formal Wear: Suits, gowns, and uniforms for professional settings.
- Sportswear: Tracksuits, jerseys, and swimwear for athletic activities.
- Undergarments: Lingerie, socks, and thermals for personal comfort.
- Children’s Wear: Durable and comfortable fabrics used for kids’ clothing.
b) Household:
- Bed Linen: Bedsheets, pillowcases, and blankets for bedding.
- Upholstery: Sofa covers, cushions, and chairs for furniture.
- Curtains and Drapes: Fabrics used for window treatments and room décor.
- Kitchen Textiles: Tablecloths, aprons, and dish towels.
- Carpets and Rugs: Fabric materials for flooring and decoration.
These fabrics serve diverse purposes in both personal and domestic applications.
Compare the following types of yarn
a)textured yarn and stretch yarn
b) Cord yarn and metallic yarn
each is 10 marks
Comparison of Types of Yarn
a) Textured Yarn vs. Stretch Yarn:
| Aspect | Textured Yarn | Stretch Yarn | |———————-|———————————————|——————————————–| | Definition | Yarn that is modified to give bulk, softness, and texture. | Yarn designed to stretch and recover its original length. | | Properties | Bulkier and more voluminous. | Elastic and provides flexibility. | | Uses | Used in apparel like sweaters, hosiery, and upholstery. | Ideal for activewear, swimwear, and leggings. | | Appearance | Crimped or wavy appearance. | Smooth or slightly textured. | | Comfort | Provides warmth and softness. | Ensures a snug fit and flexibility. |
b) Cord Yarn vs. Metallic Yarn:
| Aspect | Cord Yarn | Metallic Yarn | |———————-|———————————————|——————————————–| | Definition | Yarn made by twisting two or more plied yarns together. | Yarn made by blending or wrapping metallic fibers. | | Properties | Strong, durable, and thick. | Shiny, decorative, and lightweight. | | Uses | Used in ropes, industrial products, and heavy-duty fabrics. | Used in embroidery, fashion, and decorative textiles. | | Appearance | Coarse and heavy in appearance. | Glossy and reflective finish. | | Durability | Highly durable and strong. | Less durable, primarily decorative. |
These comparisons highlight the differences in characteristics and applications of the yarns based on their properties.
Explain the following terminologies applied in the textile industry
a) textile
b) fibres
c) yarn
d) fabric
each is 5 marks
Terminologies Applied in the Textile Industry
a) Textile:
Refers to any material made of interlaced fibers or yarns.
Includes products such as woven, knitted, or non-woven fabrics.
Used in various industries like clothing, household items, and industrial applications.
Textiles can be natural (cotton, wool) or synthetic (polyester, nylon).
b) Fibres:
Small, hair-like strands that form the basic raw material of textiles.
Classified as natural (cotton, silk) or man-made (rayon, polyester).
They are spun into yarns or directly processed into fabrics.
Properties like strength, elasticity, and softness depend on the fiber type.
c) Yarn:
Continuous strands made by twisting or spinning fibers together.
Used as the intermediate product in making fabrics.
Comes in various types like single, plied, textured, or fancy yarns.
The strength and thickness of yarn affect the quality of the fabric.
d) Fabric:
A finished material made by weaving, knitting, or bonding yarns or fibers.
Comes in different forms like woven, knitted, and non-woven.
Used in clothing, upholstery, and industrial products.
Fabrics are categorized by texture, weight, and purpose.
Each term represents a stage in the textile production process, from raw material to finished product.
QUESTION 3 TOTAL (20 marks)
Fabrics have characteristics by which they are specified. ldentify five (5) clothing fabrics and five (5) household fabrics (20 marks)
Clothing Fabrics:
- Cotton: Soft, breathable, and versatile; used in t-shirts, dresses, and casual wear.
- Silk: Smooth and luxurious; ideal for formal wear like gowns and ties.
- Denim: Durable and heavy; used in jeans, jackets, and casual clothing.
- Wool: Warm and insulating; commonly used for sweaters, coats, and scarves.
- Polyester: Lightweight and wrinkle-resistant; used in sportswear and blouses.
Household Fabrics:
- Linen: Absorbent and durable; used in tablecloths, napkins, and bed linen.
- Canvas: Strong and sturdy; ideal for upholstery and curtains.
- Velvet: Soft and decorative; often used in cushion covers and drapery.
- Terrycloth: Highly absorbent; used in towels and bathrobes.
- Chiffon: Lightweight and sheer; used for decorative curtains and bedding accents.
Each type of fabric is tailored to specific applications based on its properties.
One of the characteristic of some type of fibre is that, it is water proof. Discribe five (5) types of fabric that are water proof. (20 marks)
Here are the descriptions of the five types of waterproof fabrics, with 4 marks each:
Here are five common waterproof fabrics:
- Nylon:
Lightweight and durable, often used in raincoats, jackets, and umbrellas.
- Polyester:
Water-resistant and frequently used in outdoor gear, like jackets and tents.
- Vinyl:
Waterproof and used in raincoats, tablecloths, and outdoor furniture covers.
- Gore-Tex:
A breathable yet waterproof fabric used in high-performance outdoor clothing like jackets and boots.
- Waxed Cotton:
Cotton fabric treated with wax for water resistance, commonly used in outdoor clothing like jackets and hats.
These fabrics are all commonly found in everyday waterproof items.
One of the characteristic of some type of fibre is that, it is water proof. Discribe five (5) types of fabric that are water proof. (20 marks)
Here are the descriptions of the five types of waterproof fabrics, with 4 marks each:
Here are five common waterproof fabrics:
- Nylon:
Lightweight and durable, often used in raincoats, jackets, and umbrellas.
- Polyester:
Water-resistant and frequently used in outdoor gear, like jackets and tents.
- Vinyl:
Waterproof and used in raincoats, tablecloths, and outdoor furniture covers.
- Gore-Tex:
A breathable yet waterproof fabric used in high-performance outdoor clothing like jackets and boots.
- Waxed Cotton:
Cotton fabric treated with wax for water resistance, commonly used in outdoor clothing like jackets and hats.
These fabrics are all commonly found in everyday waterproof items.
