Question Paper Flashcards
Define the following terms in relation to computer
File, software
Virus
Definitions in Relation to Computers
- File
A file is a digital container that stores data or information on a computer system. It can represent text, images, audio, video, or executable code. Files are organized within directories or folders and are identified by their file name and extension (e.g., .txt, .jpg, .exe).
Examples: A Word document, an MP3 music file, or a program file.
- Software
Software refers to a set of instructions, programs, or data used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. It is categorized into:
System Software: Manages hardware and basic system operations (e.g., operating systems like Windows, Linux).
Application Software: Helps users perform specific tasks (e.g., Microsoft Word, Photoshop).
Utility Software: Provides specialized functionalities to maintain or enhance system performance (e.g., antivirus programs).
- Virus
A virus is a type of malicious software (malware) designed to replicate itself and spread from one computer to another, often causing harm by corrupting files, stealing data, or disrupting system operations. Viruses typically attach themselves to legitimate files or programs and execute when the host file or program is opened.
Examples: Boot sector viruses, macro viruses, and file-infecting viruses.
Each term plays a unique role in the functioning, utility, or security of computer systems.
Identify four basic functions of a computer
The four basic functions of a computer are:
- Input
The process of receiving data and instructions from an input device (e.g., keyboard, mouse, scanner). This data is then processed by the computer.
- Processing
The central function of a computer, where the input data is manipulated, calculated, or transformed into meaningful information using the CPU (Central Processing Unit).
- Storage
The function of saving data and instructions for immediate or future use. Storage can be temporary (RAM) or permanent (hard drives, SSDs).
- Output
The process of presenting the results of processed data to the user through output devices (e.g., monitor, printer, speakers).
These functions work together to perform tasks and ensure the efficient operation of a computer system.
List the two major components of a computer
The two major components of a computer are:
- Hardware
The physical components of a computer that can be touched and seen, such as the CPU, monitor, keyboard, mouse, RAM, and hard drive.
- Software
The set of instructions and programs that enable the hardware to perform specific tasks. It includes system software (e.g., operating systems) and application software (e.g., word processors, web browsers).
These two components work together to make a computer functional.
Outline 3 health issues associated with computer
- Eye Strain: Caused by prolonged screen use.
- Back and Neck Pain: Due to poor posture.
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: From repetitive wrist movements.
State two ways you can maintain a personal computer
- Regular Updates: Keep the operating system and software updated.
- Clean Hardware: Dust and clean the computer components regularly.
Explain any four benefits of using the internet
- Access to Information: The internet provides vast resources for education, research, and entertainment.
- Communication: It enables instant communication through emails, messaging, and video calls across the globe.
- E-Commerce: The internet facilitates online shopping, banking, and business transactions.
- Learning Opportunities: Online courses and tutorials make education more accessible and flexible.
Write brief notes about the following
Login
Logout
USB
CD
HDD
WWW
Brief Notes
- Login
The process of accessing a computer system, website, or application by entering valid credentials such as a username and password.
- Logout
The process of securely exiting a computer system, website, or application to protect user data and end the session.
- USB (Universal Serial Bus)
A standard connection interface used for transferring data and power between devices like computers, flash drives, and external peripherals.
- CD (Compact Disc)
A digital optical disc used to store data, audio, or video, typically with a storage capacity of about 700 MB.
- HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
A traditional storage device that uses spinning disks to store data permanently, such as files, programs, and the operating system.
- WWW (World Wide Web)
A system of interconnected web pages and resources accessible via the internet using web browsers.
Wgat do the the following acronyms stand for
HTT
TCP
URL
LAN
ISP
P2P
Here are the meanings of the acronyms:
- HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol
- TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
- URL: Uniform Resource Locator
- LAN: Local Area Network
- ISP: Internet Service Provider
- P2P: Peer-to-Peer
Define the following terms
Web browser
Search engine
Network
Server
Here are the definitions:
- Web Browser
A software application used to access and view websites on the internet (e.g., Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari). It interprets HTML and displays web pages.
- Search Engine
A tool that allows users to search for information on the internet by entering keywords or phrases (e.g., Google, Bing, Yahoo).
- Network
A system of interconnected computers and devices that can share resources and communicate with each other (e.g., LAN, Wi-Fi).
- Server
A computer or system that provides services, data, or resources to other computers or clients on a network (e.g., web server, file server).
Defferentiate between intranet and extranet
Here’s the difference between Intranet and Extranet:
- Intranet
A private, internal network used by an organization to share information and resources among its employees. It is not accessible from outside the organization.
Example: An internal company portal for employees to access documents, communication tools, and services.
- Extranet
A private network that allows controlled access to external users, such as partners, suppliers, or customers, to share specific resources or information with them.
Example: A supplier accessing an order management system to check stock levels or delivery schedules.
State two advantages and two disadvantages of internet to students
Advantages:
- Easy Access to Information: Students can find educational materials and research easily.
- Better Communication: Students can connect with teachers and classmates online.
Disadvantages:
- Distractions: Social media and games can take time away from studying.
- Misinformation: Some information online may be false or misleading.
Define the following terminologies in relation to compute
A bit
A byte
Machine language
Firmware
An interpreter
Here are the definitions in relation to computers:
- A Bit
A bit (short for “binary digit”) is the smallest unit of data in a computer, representing a single binary value of either 0 or 1.
- A Byte
A byte is a group of 8 bits, which can represent 256 different values (from 0 to 255). It is commonly used to store a single character, like a letter or number.
- Machine Language
Machine language is the lowest-level programming language, consisting of binary code (0s and 1s) that a computer’s processor can directly understand and execute.
- Firmware
Firmware is a type of software that is permanently programmed into a device’s hardware (like a computer’s BIOS or a printer’s control software) to control its basic functions.
- An Interpreter
An interpreter is a program that reads and executes high-level programming code line by line, translating it into machine code for immediate execution, without creating a separate compiled file.
Write two points on how to minimize repetitive strain injuries (RSI) when using a computer
Here are two points on minimizing repetitive strain injuries (RSI) when using a computer:
- Maintain Proper Posture: Sit with your back straight, shoulders relaxed, and elbows at a 90-degree angle to reduce strain on your neck, back, and wrists.
- Take Regular Breaks: Follow the 20-20-20 rule by taking a 20-second break every 20 minutes to look at something 20 feet away, and stretch or move to prevent stiffness and fatigue.
Write two points on how to minimize repetitive strain injuries (RSI) when using a computer
Here are two points on minimizing repetitive strain injuries (RSI) when using a computer:
- Maintain Proper Posture: Sit with your back straight, shoulders relaxed, and elbows at a 90-degree angle to reduce strain on your neck, back, and wrists.
- Take Regular Breaks: Follow the 20-20-20 rule by taking a 20-second break every 20 minutes to look at something 20 feet away, and stretch or move to prevent stiffness and fatigue.
Explain any four factors to consider when purchasing a computer
Here are four factors to consider when purchasing a computer:
- Purpose and Usage
Consider what the computer will be used for (e.g., gaming, work, school, or multimedia). This determines the required specifications such as processing power and storage.
- Processor (CPU)
The CPU is the heart of the computer. A faster processor will ensure better performance, especially for tasks like gaming, video editing, or multitasking.
- RAM (Memory)
More RAM allows for smoother multitasking and faster performance. Consider at least 8GB for general use and 16GB or more for gaming or heavy tasks.
- Storage Type and Size
Choose between an SSD (faster but more expensive) or HDD (larger storage but slower). The size depends on your needs, but an SSD is ideal for faster boot times and file access.
