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PTRS 826 Exam 1 > Question Bank > Flashcards

Question Bank Flashcards

1
Q

What is the size of the male and female heart?

A

Male = 325 +/- 100 gm

Female = 275 +/- 100 gm

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2
Q

Which size of the heart is thicker and why?

A

LEFT

the left side pumps to the body. The body has a higher peripheral pressure than the lungs, thus requiring more musculature to overcome the pressure.

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3
Q

T/F: The right side of the heart pumps before the left side

A

False: they pump at the same time

Side note: they also pump the same amount even though the left side is thicker

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4
Q

How much blood does the heart pump at rest?

A

80 gal/hr

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5
Q

What is PFO?

A

Patent foramen ovale – the hole between the atria doesn’t close with birth

Can allows clots to pass into the heart causing an MI or the brain causing a stroke

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6
Q

What creates the lub and the dub sounds of the heart?

A

LUB = L and R AV valves closing simultaneously

DUB = Pulmonary and Aortic valves closing simultaneously

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7
Q

Which hemidiaphragm has more resistance?

A

The right

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8
Q

What type of respiration can increase EE?

A

If respiration is primarily controlled by accessory mm

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9
Q

What can improve ventilation?

A

Body position

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10
Q

How much does the diaphragm move in quiet sitting and with max effort?

A

Quiet sitting = 2/3”

Max effort = 2.5-4”

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11
Q

Why would you want lower pressure in the pulmonary system?

A

To facilitate gas exchange – without which activity cannot be sustained

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12
Q

What are the long term consequences of heart hypertrophy?

A
  • decreased SV
  • quick remodeling leads to weaker arteries and tissue which can result in heart failure
  • potential for pericarditis (fibrous pericardium doesn’t have much ability to stretch to accomodate the new size)
  • less serous fluid
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13
Q

What are the short term advantages of heart hypertrophy?

A

Allows the body to met the CO demands under increased pressures

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14
Q

Which is more common L or R AV valve prolapse?

A

L AV or mitral valve – due to increased pressure in the peripheral vasculature of the body

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15
Q

What is the effect of the atria and ventricle contracting out of union?

A

The timing/rhythm of the heart is off which will effect gas exchange and delivery

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16
Q

What is the cause of plaque build up

A

High BP or stress leads to microtearting, the cholesterol gets under the vessel wall through these tears and builds up

*Side note: sites of high pressure/stress include - aorta, carotids, any bifurcation

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17
Q

What are the 2 most common places for blockage in the heart?

A

R coronary and LAD

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18
Q

T/F: The coronary sinus receives all the cardiac veins.

A

False: recieves all cardiac veins EXCEPT anterior cardiac veins and smallest cardiac veins

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19
Q

What is the effect of a stiff AV valve?

A

More pressure during filling which can result in left over blood in the atria and hypterophy of the atria (to overcome the increased pressure)

*Side note: If too rigid a replacement will be suggested

20
Q

What happens to HR with inspiration and expiration?

A

With inspiration HR increases due to increased intra-abdominal pressure

With expiration HR decreases due to decreased intra-abdominal pressure

21
Q

What is the effect of excess body tissue (i.e. obesity, pregnancy) on breathing?

A

Requires the use of accessory breathing mm

Less room available for diaphragm excursion

22
Q

What is the consqeunce of lack of lung expansion?

A

Alveioli (located most densely at the bottom) cant’s open up > can’t increase SA > poor gas exchange > have to work harder to breath > don’t want to move

23
Q

What is the most common (respiratory) side effect of surgery)?

A

Atelectasis

24
Q

What are the 2 sub divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

25
Q

T/F: O2 exchange is passive while CO2 exchange is active

A

False: flip it

26
Q

What controls breating?

A

The brainstem (medulla)

27
Q

What tract overrides the brainstem and allows for voluntary control of breathing?

A

Corticospinal

28
Q

What is normal pH?

A

7.4

29
Q

What is the most common cuase of CHF?

A

CMD

30
Q

What is the risk of developing heart failure by 40 yo

A

20% (1 in 5)

31
Q

How is HCF manifested?

A

As pulmonary congestion or edema

The elevated pulmonary pressure leads to R ventricle hypertrophy

32
Q

Why are pregnant women at risk for dilated cardomyopathy?

A

With pregnancy there is increased fluid retention plus the mother is pumping blood to the baby as well. This increases the load on the heart

33
Q

What is the most common of CHF?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

34
Q

What is the rarest form of cardiomyopathy?

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

35
Q

What is the hallmark sign of CHF?

A

abnormal heart sound S3

36
Q

A great than ____ lb weight increased indicates peripheral edema in those with CHF

A

3-5

37
Q

What medical tx should those with CHF avoid

A
  • anti-arrhythmic agents
  • Ca channel blockers
  • nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (
38
Q

What does a pt’s EF need to be to be eligible for a ICD?

A

< 35%

39
Q

Why might SLE be more beneficial for those with CHF?

A

Those with severe CHF will have limited exercise tolerance and low Q; you may have to exercise one leg at a time due to these limits.

Goal to get to the point were both legs and be used at once

40
Q

________ is any condition that affects the heart’s ability to recieve and pump blood.

A

CMD

41
Q

T/F: Elevated BP may be a normal process of aging

A

True

42
Q

What is the best way to prevent ischemic heart disease?

A

Diet and EXERCISE!!!

43
Q

T/F: Anaerobic exercise is the only practical method of providing sustainable cardioprotection.

A

False: aerobic

44
Q

What 4 things does regular exercise protect against?

A

Arrhythmias, stunning, infarction, remodeling

45
Q

What is normal MAP?

A

70-100

PTRS 826 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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