Question 1 - Factors Flashcards
What is the definition of stress?
The imbalance between demand and response capability where failure to meet the demand has important consequences.
Explain Stress
Eustress is a good form of stress. It increases intrinsic motivation and focus and can lead to improved performance. Distress is bad stress and can lead to increased anxiety and can lead to cognitive(psychological) and somatic(physiological) effects.
What is the positive impacts on performance through stress and anxiety
Eustress (positive stress) - Improves performance, Increases intrinsic motivation, Focuses an athlete’s attention on their sport.
Increased motivation to train harder when your playing a good team in a cup final so you play better.
Increase in self confidence.
Increased energy and focus.
What is the definition of anxiety?
A negative emotional state with feelings of nervousness, worry and apprehension associated with activation or arousal of the body.
Explain anxiety
State anxiety is a temporary, ever changing emotional state of subjective, consciously perceived feelings of apprehension and tension. Trait Anxiety is a relatively disposition to feel stress, worry and discomfort. Cognitive anxiety (thought) is negative thoughts and self - doubt about performance manifest about themselves in the participant e.g. its too difficult. Somatic anxiety (physical) is when the body responds by increasing heart rate, sweating, feeling sick, butterflies etc.. It is the individual’s perception of there physiological state.
What is the negative impacts on performance through stress and anxiety?
Distress (negative stress) - Extreme anxiety, worry, apprehension or nervousness , Athletes believe they can’t meet the demands of the sport or situation.
Negative mental state - self doubt to do bad against a good player in football.
Loss of self-confidence
Possible Injury
What is the definition of arousal?
A blend of physiological and psychological activity in and person , it refers to the intensity dimensions of motivation at the particular moment.
Explain arousal
Arousal can vary on a continuum from deep sleep to extreme excitement.
The right level arousal is KEY to success in sport. We call this right level - Optimum Arousal . This is the level most suited for the best performance.
To little (under-arousal) and too much (over-arousal) can have a catastrophic effects of performance.
It is the better athletes who can control arousal when they perform in anxiety provoking games.
What are the impacts on performance through arousal?
Increase in stress and anxiety
Change in attentional focus - low, high, optimal
Experience flow states
Choking
What is Motivation?
Motivation is the direction and Intensity of somebody’s effort.
Direction is whether the individual is attracted or seeks out certain situations.
Intensity is how much effort is applied to certain situations.
Explain Motivation ( Intrinsic and Extrinsic )
Intrinsic Motivation - someone who is motivated to engage in an activity for pleasure and satisfaction they experience while learning, exploring or trying to understand something new.
Extrinsic Motivation - engage in the activity because of the valued outcome.
Explain Motivation ( Tangible and Intangible )
Tangible - Visible reward given to an individual for achieving something ( Money and Trophies ) .
Intangible - External rewards which cant be physically touched ( paise, fame and recognition )
What are the impacts of motivation on performance?
Negative of Extrinsic - Overuse may lead to a loss in value and incentive , players may compete just for the reward, can lead to players cheating, can undermine intrinsic reasons for competing.
What is Over Motivation?
When players overtrain due to the pressure to compete at a high level. Has bad physical and psychological issues for the athlete.
Explain Over-Motivation
Overtraining - Excessive training that the athlete cannot compete with. Caused by the athlete believing they have to train more and more.
Training addiction - become addicted to the feeling created by the endorphins released while exercising. Experience health problems like pain, eating disorders and withdrawal symptoms. Claim they don’t need sleep, rest or eat.
Social Withdrawal - stop some, most or all normal situations (stopping seeing friends outside sport).
