Question 1 (4)

Question 1

Describe two features of employment opportunities in Whitechapel

Answer 1

• limited opportunities e.g. women had to turn to prostitution to survive
• worked long hours for low pay in factories e.g. sweated trades

Question 2

Describe two features of the work of Dr Barnardo

Answer 2

• philanthropist e.g. first ever project was a school for children whose parents died
• focused on helping children finding a home e.g. by 1905, there were nearly 100 Barnardo’s homes nationally

Question 3

Describe two features of Irish immigration into the Whitechapel area

Answer 3

• had a bad reputation e.g. Fenians were seen as fanatical terrorists
• came to escape the famine and find work e.g. 30% of navvies were Irish

Question 4

Describe two features of Eastern European immigration into the Whitechapel area

Answer 4

• fled persecution in the Russian Empire e.g. 30000 Jews arrived between 1881-1891
• tended to stick together e.g. by 1888 some parts of Whitechapel had a 95% Jewish population

Question 5

Describe two features of the problems caused by immigration into the Whitechapel area

Answer 5

• populations were very high which led to tensions over jobs and housing e.g. 30709 people lived in 4069 houses
• ‘Foreigners’ were blamed for crimes e.g. the Ripper murders

Question 6

Describe two features of anti-Semitism in Whitechapel during the Ripper murders

Answer 6

• anti-semitism rose e.g. because media said it was impossible for an ‘Englishman’ to have committed the crimes
• attackers were hard to catch because there was a language barrier

Question 7

Describe two features of the problem of alcoholism in Whitechapel

Answer 7

• huge problem e.g. large number of pubs and gin houses sold very strong alcohol at affordable prices
• increased crime e.g. victims were robbed while drunk

Question 8

Describe two features of a beat constable’s shift on patrol in Whitechapel

Answer 8

• the ‘beat’ - a specific area that each constable would have to patrol, using a route that was given to him by his constable
• it was timed precisely e.g. walk about 2.5 miles an hour so that his sergeant could meet/contact him when necessary

Question 9

Describe two features of the problems faced by H Division in policing Whitechapel

Answer 9

• chasing criminals was hard e.g. dark, arrow alleys
• large numbers of constables were needed to deal with violent demonstrations e.g. the Social Democratic Federations protests

Question 10

Describe two features of the problem of protection rackets in the Whitechapel area

Answer 10

• cannot be operated by individuals, worked by organised gangs to threaten
• threatened small businesses like hairdressers and butchers

Question 11

Describe two features of the problems caused by the media during the Jack the Ripper investigation

Answer 11

• stirred up racial hatred, more crime for police to deal with e.g. said it was impossible for an ‘Englishman’ to have committed it
• attracted hoax letters e.g. over 300 letters sent to CID team claiming to be the murderer

Question 12

Describe two features of the perceptions of H Division by the local community

Answer 12

• negative view e.g. frequently attacked by gangs
• reputation for heavy-headedness and violence e.g. some were anti-semitic

Question 13

Describe two features of the problems caused by police force rivalry during the Jack the Ripper investigation

Answer 13

• did not share information e.g. the leather apron
• evidence was not looked after e.g. one force clearing graffiti on the wall

Question 14

Describe two features of improvements introduced to policing following the Jack the Ripper investigation

Answer 14

• information was shared better e.g. Bertillon system of taking measurements and photographs and keeping records centrally
• improved speed of communications e.g. introduction of telephones by 1900

Question 15

Describe two features of the problems caused by socialism in Whitechapel

Answer 15

• caused fear amongst authority and upper class because they wanted to see an end to capitalism
• lots of the police force was needed to handle violent demonstrations caused by the waves of attempted revolutions from 1848

Question 16

Describe two features of the problems caused by crime in Whitechapel

Answer 16

• gang-related crimes made it hard to police e.g. they employed individuals who were well-trained in stealing and getting away
• large-scale attacks on Jews in the 1880s, language barrier prevented people from helping catch their attackers

Question 17

Describe two features of the social work tasks performed by H Division

Answer 17

• responsible for policing Whitechapel e.g. used beat constables to prevent crime by being an obvious presence on the streets
• dealt with disorderly behaviour e.g. crimes committed by alcoholics and violence which was fuelled by drunkenness

Question 18

Describe two features of anarchism

Answer 18

1. The idea of anarchism was developed by Russian revolutionaries. British politicians and the English media saw the idea of anarchism as a threat.
2. There was a connection found between the political anarchists and the murder of Annie chapman which caused more fear of anarchism spreading to London.