Questiin And Answer On Digestive And Excretory Flashcards
Which of the following kidney function is NOT true?
a) Regulate blood volume and composition
b) Synthesize glucose
c) Regulate blood pressure
d) Defend the body against disease
Kidney is the primary organ of excretion, it removes the nitrogenous waste from the body and maintain homeostasis also. Kidneys also synthesize glucose tru gluconeogenesis and hormone, regulate blood pressure and maintain the volume and composition of blood.
Both kidneys are in the same position in the body.
a) True
b) False
Right side kidney is slightly lower than the left side kidney as in right side some space has been occupied by the liver
What is the daily volume of glomerular filtrate in adult male and female?
a) 50 liter in male and 90 liters in females
b) 120 liter in male and 130 liters in females
c) 180 liter in male and 150 liters in females
d) 180 liter in male and 180 liters in female
Average glomerular filtrate is 180 liter in male and 150 liters in female daily. More than 99% of the filtrate returns to the blood by tubular reabsorption and only 1-2 liter is excreted as urine.
What is micturition?
Micturition is also known as urination or voiding. It’s the process of discharge of urine from the urinary bladder. When the volume of urine rises from 200-400 ml, pressure increases and causes micturition reflex.
Which of the following is NOT the characteristics of the normal urine?
a) Yellow or amber color
b) Mildly aromatic
c) 3-4 pH
d) 1.001 to 1.035 specific gravity
pH of urine varies from 4.6 to 8 or average 6 but it varies with the diet like more intake of protein makes the urine acidic or more vegetarian diet increases its alkalinity.
An athlete is trying to prepare for a long day of physical activity and eats a high-protein meal in the morning. During their exercise, which of the following is most likely true?
Possible Answers:
They will not get as much energy as if they had consumed a beverage with electrolytes
Their body does not fully digest the protein until later in the day
Their muscles will fatigue after metabolizing the protein diet
The athlete will require more oxygen inhalation to digest the meal
Their heart rate will decrease as the day goes on
Their body does not fully digest the protein until later in the day
Explanation:
Exercise can induce the release of corticoids which stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. This initiation will divert the body’s resources and blood flow away from the digestive system, and toward the muscles that the athlete is engaging. As such, the meal will take a long period of time to digest.
glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule form the
renal corpuscle
when the liver mobilizes fat or protein for energy, blood acidity
increases
fluid in the small intestine has an approximate pH of _ thanks to pancreatic bicarbonate ion
6
secrete mucus to lubricate intestine and protect brush border
Goblet cells
The passage of large kidney stones typically causes blockage of passageways first in the
A kidney
B ureter
Ureter
The fluid released by the renal glomerulus and collected by the Bowman’s capsule is most similar in composition to which of the following fluids?
A urine
B whole blood
C saliva
D interstitial fluid
The fluid released by the renal glomerulus and collected by the Bowman’s capsule is most similar in composition to which of the following fluids?
A urine B whole blood C saliva D interstitial fluid The fluid from the renal glomerulus and the interstitial fluid are very similar in composition because they are both produced by hydrostatic pressure in capillaries. Urine is a very concentrated and highly-modified version of this fluid, whole blood contains many cells and proteins which do not leak out of the capillaries, and saliva is secreted with various enzymes and additional components from exocrine glands. Therefore interstitial fluids are most similar in composition to those fluids released by the renal glomerulus.
The fluid released by the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule is essentially identical to which of the following?
A interstitial fluid B urine C vitreous humor D synovial fluid
Urine is the concentrated result of the fluid released into the Bowman’s capsule, but the two have very different osmolarities and ionic compositions, making (B) incorrect. Vitreous humor, or the fluid/gel found in the eye, is a specific gel-like composition that is nonidentical the fluid in question and is far more viscous, making (C) incorrect. Synovial fluid, much like the vitreous humor, has very specialized function and composition that is different from the fluid in question, making (D) incorrect. The fluid that the glomerulus releases to the Bowman’s capsule is forced out of the capillaries in the same way that fluid is forced out of the capillaries in other tissues. In those other tissues, the interstitial fluid is recycled via the lymphatic system, but in the nephron the fluid is captured, concentrated, and excreted as urine. This makes (A) the correct answer.
The kidneys normally do a very good job at ensuring glucose is not lost in urine. Which of the following best describes this process?
A Facilitated diffusion with a glucose carrier
B Active transport using a glucose pump
C Glucose is selectively retained and not filtered into urine
D By using a symporter to carry glucose with Na+
Sodium-dependent glucose transporters are found in the proximal tubule of the nephron. These transporters contribute to renal glucose re-absorption, and in the kidneys, the filtered glucose in the glomerulus has to be re-absorbed along the nephron. With too much plasma glucose (hyperglycemia), glucose is excreted in urine, and this is not the case in a healthy nephron. These transporters are called symporters since both the sodium ions and glucose are transported across the membrane in the same direction.
