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Religion > Quest: Morality of a human act, errors in moral reasoning, principle of the double effect, and cooperation in evil > Flashcards

Quest: Morality of a human act, errors in moral reasoning, principle of the double effect, and cooperation in evil Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three components of a moral choice

A

object, intention or end, circumstances

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2
Q

for an act to be morally good all 3

A

sources have to be good

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3
Q

what is the object

A

the act itself

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4
Q

what is primary in determining the morality of an act

A

the object

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5
Q

if the object is evil than the act is

A

intrinsically evil aka NEVER GOOD

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6
Q

actions can be

A

good, neuteral, or evil

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7
Q

an evil act can never become good or nuetural, the ends

A

don’t justify the means

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8
Q

which component of an action refers to the subject or person

A

the end or intention

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9
Q

what is the intention or end of an act

A

the motive or reason

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10
Q

if the object and inention are evil than the malice of the act

A

increases

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11
Q

a good intention can do what to a neutral, good, or evil act

A

make a neutral act good, greaten goodness of good act, or lessen responsibility for bad act

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12
Q

a bad intention can do what to a neutral, good, or evil act

A

make a neutral act evil, make a good act evil, or make an evil act worse

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13
Q

cirucmstances comes from the latin

A

what stands around

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14
Q

circumstances can increase or lessen the malice of an act (T/F)

A

true

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15
Q

circumstances can remove responsibility for an evil act (T/F)

A

false

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16
Q

circumstances can make a good/neutral act evil (T/F)

A

true

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17
Q

circumstances can increase goodness of an act (T/F)

A

true

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18
Q

what is the STOP method

A

Search the facts, think of alternatives and consequences, others, pray

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19
Q

moral relativism

A

morality changes with each situation, good and evil are relative, what is good for you may not be good for me

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20
Q

situational ethics and why its wrong

A

focus only on the situation and sometimes motive
this is wrong bc it ignores the object

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21
Q

consequentialism and why it is wrong

A

an act is good if it gets good results, an act is bad if it gets bad results
this is wrong bc one can never do evil to bring about good

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22
Q

proportionalism and why its wrong

A

if the evil effect is less, it is good. If the good effect is less, then it is evil.
circumstances nor results are criteria for judging a moral act

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23
Q

proportionalism is a variation of

A

consequentalism

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24
Q

fundamental option and why it is wrong

A

persons basic commitment for or against God “but I’m a good person I go to church”
YOUR ACTIONS MATTER. SHOW HOW YOU LOVE GOD THROUGH YOUR ACTIONS.

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25
Q

mortal sin is

A

grave matter (serious, full knowledge, consent of the will

26
Q

legalism

A

concentrating only on the object

27
Q

subjectivism

A

concentrating only on the motive

28
Q

absolute

A

always true and valid, not relative to other things
example: murdering is wrong

29
Q

relative

A

depending on the circumstances, people, and motives, changes
example: murdering can be okay if it is in self defense

30
Q

objective

A

a fact that is independent of our thoughts, feelings, or knowledge of it.
example: the colors of the rainbow are ROYGBIV

31
Q

subjective

A

dependent on the person
Example: chocolate is the best ice cream flavor

32
Q

universal

A

in all situations, no exceptions, no change
Example: you should never steal

33
Q

particular

A

dependent on the situation, changeable
example: in some situations the government should increase taxes, and sometimes they should not

34
Q

moral law is universal and applies to particular cases (T/F)

A

true

35
Q

what is relativists self contradiction example

A

if all women in this class fail that would be “unfair”, they appeal to a standard. Fairness = the absolute of justice.

36
Q

why can we judge an action and not a person?

A

we are not given the authority to judge people, only God can do that bc only God knows their heart. We have a responsibility to identify and avoid evil acts.

37
Q

some human acts will bring about bad results even though all 3 criteria are good (t/f)

A

true

38
Q

the principle of the double effect can be applied to situations where (hint: look at the name of the principle)

A

there are two effects, one good, one bad

39
Q

for the principle of the double effect to apply there has to be 4 criteria met. What are they? (Hint: it is not how many effects there are).

A
  1. the act itself must be good or at least neutral
  2. the good effect must be immideate and not an effect of the bad
  3. only the good effect can be directly intended, the evil is forseen and permitted but unintended
  4. the good effect must equal or outweigh the evil permitted
40
Q

the first principle of the double effect states that the act itself must be

A

good or neutral

41
Q

the second principle of the double effect states that the good effect has to be

A

immdiate and not the result of the bad effect

42
Q

the third principle of the double effect states that only the good effect can be -, while the bad effect is

A

directly intended, the bad effect is forseen but unintended, meerly permitted

43
Q

the fourth and final principle of the double effect states that the good result must

A

equal or outweigh the bad

44
Q

chart the principle of the double effect for this scenerio (and then check with model)

A

John has colon cancer, he has to get surgery that will require lifestyle changes.

45
Q

chart the principle of the double effect

A

no scenerio just chart it and check with model

46
Q

physical evil

A

unchosen things that cause harm to man
example: sickness, accident, death, natural disasters

47
Q

physical evil is a result of

A

adam’s sin

48
Q

moral evil

A

freely choosing to do evil (sinning)

49
Q

Adam’s sin is not the result of moral evil, we all have a choice, but original sin does

A

darken intellect and weaken will, making it harder for us to avoid sinning

50
Q

all moral evil is freely chosen and can be

A

avoided

51
Q

moral evil hurts both the agent (one who is sinning) and the recipiant, but it hurts the - more

A

agent, because they are now deserving of hell.

52
Q

cooperation in evil is never okay (t/f)

A

true

53
Q

formal cooperation

A

cooperation in, agreement, consent with the evil will of the agent.

54
Q

in formal cooperation the cooperater shares the same -, - in the act, or supplies the

A

intention, participates in the act, supplies the agent with the means of performing it

55
Q

formal cooperation in evil is always wrong, so you are always

A

guilty of sin

56
Q

material cooperation

A

when the cooperator does an act that is not evil, but helps another do an evil act (how closely is it connected to the action)

57
Q

is this scenerio material or formal cooperation and are they guilty?
Mr. Smith owns a family liquor store, he is very dilligent with checking IDs and runs his buissness in accordance with the law, but he knows some of his customers abuse alcohol on a regular basis.

A

material cooperation and not guilty. It is not immoral to run a liquor store, he does not know who is abusing alcohol, and he cannot turn away someone as a buissness.

58
Q

Jenny is the 22 year old sibling of Justin. She buys him beer for a party, but does not go to the party.

A

Formal cooperation and guilty, because she supplied him with the means of having the party and getting drunk.

59
Q

a taxi driver drops off a man at the white house who had a bomb concealed under his vest. After he is dropped off he explodes himself and kills 5 people. how is the taxi driver cooperating?

A

material cooperation, not guilty. He does not know that the man has a bomb in his vest. He is trying to do his job of getting people from point A to B.

60
Q

A retired woman volunteers as a receptionist for an abortion facility three days a week.

A

formal cooperation, guilty. She is retired so she does not have to work. When people volunteer it means that they agree with the mission.

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