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Elizabethan England > Queen, government and religion 1558-69 > Flashcards

Queen, government and religion 1558-69 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the social hierarchy of Elizabethan England.

A

At the bottom there is the vagrants and homeless, then landless or labouring poor , then tenant farmers, then yeomen, then gentery then at the top nobility

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2
Q

Describe the social hierarchy of towns in Elizabethan England.

A

At the bottom unskilled workers and the unemployed, then skilled craftsmen and people who had learned a skill or trade, then business owners and other craftsmen, then proffesional lawyers, clergys, doctors and teachers then at the top merchants.

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3
Q

What is a yeomen?

A

were men who held a small amount of land or an estate

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4
Q

What is a tenant farmer?

A

they rented land that was owned by the yeomen

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5
Q

What were the key features of the court?

A

body of people who lived near or with the monarch, it was mostly made up of members of the nobility and attending court required the monarchs permission.

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6
Q

What was the role of the court?

A

to entertain and advise the monarch and display wealth and power

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7
Q

What were the key features of the Privy Council?

A

most powerful part of the machinery of the government. They advised on domestic and foreign issues such as how to handle challenges and threats

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8
Q

What was the role of the Privy Council?

A

To monitor parliament, justices of the peace and over see the law and order of the country.

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9
Q

What were the key features of Parliament?

A

gave full ecclesiastical authority to the monarchy and abolished the authority of the Pope in England.

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10
Q

What was the role of Parliament?

A

consent to pass new laws or raise taxes

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11
Q

What were the key features of the Lords Liutenant?

A

enforced Poor Laws.
collected tax.
set wage levels.
arranged road repairs.

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12
Q

What was the role of the Lord Liutenant?

A

in charge of justice of the peace

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13
Q

What were the key features of the JP’s?

A

arresting and punishing offenders.

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14
Q

What was the role of JP’s?

A

they were large landowners who kept law and order locally

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15
Q

What is a Courtier?

A

a person who attends a royal court.

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16
Q

What does extraordinary taxation mean?

A

parliamentary grants loans

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17
Q

What is a militia?

A

a force of ordinary people raised in an emergency.

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18
Q

What is the Divine Right?

A

the idea that god appointed the monarch

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19
Q

What were some examples of Elizabeths power?

A

She was confident and charismatic, she spoke different languages, the number of protestants was growing giving her a more secure place as queen

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20
Q

What is patronage?

A

the monarch could use the granting of lands, jobs and titles to reward her supporters

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21
Q

What was the Secretary of State? What did the role do?

A

advised the queen on the issues that were most important to the crown.

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22
Q

What dates was William Cecil Secretary of State?

A

22 November 1558 – 13 July 1572

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23
Q

What is royal prerogative?

A

body of customary authority, privilege, and immunity recognized in common law

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24
Q

What does succession mean?

A

the firstborn legitimate child of the monarch succeeds to the throne.

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25
Q

What is Roman Catholic?

A

the whole of the Church faithful to the Bishop of Rome.

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26
Q

Why was Elizabeth’s legitimacy in doubt?

A

her father had divorced his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, in order to marry Elizabeth’s mother, Anne Boleyn.

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27
Q

Briefly explain how the Church of England came about.

A

Henry VIII started the process of creating the Church of England after his split with the Pope and reformation.

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28
Q

What happened in 1536?

A

destruction of the monasteries

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29
Q

How did Elizabeth’s gender work against her?

A

the world didn’t believe that a woman could rule a country.

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30
Q

What were the pros of ELizabeth marrying?

A

People would take her more serious

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31
Q

What were the cons of Elizabeth marrying?

A

she might be pushed aside and her husband might take over.

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32
Q

How had Mary I’s reign been a failure?

A

unsuccessful war against France that led to the loss of Calais

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33
Q

Describe the character of Elizabeth I.

A

extremely witty and clever

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34
Q

Where could monarchs raise money from?

A

Sovereign Grant.

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35
Q

How much was the Crown in debt when. she became Queen?

A

£300,000

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36
Q

What was the Auld Alliance?

A

alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland and France against England

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37
Q

Briefly describe how France was a threat?

A

Mary Queen of Scots was married to the French heir to the throne and many believed that her claim to the English throne was more legitimate than Elizabeth’s

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38
Q

Why was regaining Calais important to Elizabeth?

A

France now controlled the entire northern coastline of France and left England more vulnerable of an attack.

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39
Q

Why was there a possibility that Catholic Spain and France would unite against England?

A

they were both roman catholic countries

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40
Q

Give two issues Elizabeth faced over her suitability to rule England

A

religion, poverty and foreign policy.

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41
Q

Describe how at least 2 factors combined to make governing England a problem for Elizabeth. For example, gender and politics, foreign and domestic issues.

A

they didnt think that she was able enough to control the counrty without a man.

42
Q

What was the Reformation?

A

Church of England broke away from the authority of the pope and the Catholic Church.

43
Q

Give a few traits of Roman Catholicism

A

celebrates seven sacraments: baptism, the Eucharist, confirmation, reconciliation (confession), marriage, anointing of the sick, and holy orders.

44
Q

Give a few traits of Protestantism

A

celebrates seven sacraments: baptism, the Eucharist, confirmation, confession, marriage, anointing of the sick, and holy orders.

45
Q

Who were the clergy?

A

a body of ordained ministers in a Christian church.

46
Q

Give an example of an area in England most likely to be Catholic.

A
47
Q

Give examples of areas in England most likely to be Protestant

A
48
Q

What is a puritan

A

English Protestants

49
Q

WHy did ELizabeth rule out a Puritan religion?

A
50
Q

When was the religion settlement established?

A
51
Q

What were the 3 parts of the religious settlement? Describe in detail each one

A
52
Q

What is a pilgrimage?

A
53
Q

How did the religious settlement affect the clergy?

A
54
Q

What is a recusant?

A
55
Q

How did the religious settlement affect ordinary people?

A
56
Q

What was rhe role of the church of England?

A
57
Q

How was the settlement enforced?

A
58
Q

What were Elizabeth’s main aims in her relgious settlement?

A
59
Q

What key features of the religious settlement appealed to Catholics?

A
60
Q

What key features of the religious settlement appealed to Protestants?

A
61
Q

What evidence is there that the settlement was popular?

A
62
Q

What evidence is there that the settlement was not popular?

A
63
Q

Why was there a puritan challenge?

A
64
Q

What is a crucifix and a cross?

A
65
Q

What was Elizabeth’s opinions of the crucifix and cross. How did this cause issues?

A
66
Q

What did Puritans think Priests should wear? How did this differ from Catholics and protestants?

A
67
Q

What did Elizabeth want priests to wear?

A
68
Q

What year was the Book of Advertisements and who wrote it?

A
69
Q

What was the Papacy?

A
70
Q

What was the Counter reformation?

A
71
Q

What did the pope do in 1566?

A
72
Q

Why was the first decade of Elizabeths reign religiously stable?

A
73
Q

How much (estimated) of the nobility and gentry were recusants?

A
74
Q

Give some detail about the Earls of Westmorland and Northumberland.

A
75
Q

What year was the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

A
76
Q

Describe the Revolt of the Northern Earls

A
77
Q

Give examples of other countries with growing Protestant populations

A
78
Q

Give examples of other countries with a strong Catholic hold

A
79
Q

when did the religious war break out in France?

A
80
Q

What happened in 1562 and how did it fail?

A
81
Q

When and what was the Treaty of Troyes?

A
82
Q

What did Phillip II do in 1563?

A
83
Q

What is a trade embargo?

A
84
Q

How did Spain and the Spanish Netherlands threaten Elizabeth?

A
85
Q

What was the Council of troubles?

A
86
Q

Briefly explain the Dutch revolt

A
87
Q

Why was Elizabeth concerned about Alba’s presence in the Netherlands?

A
88
Q

Why was Elizabeth in a predicament about what to do with Catholic Spain following the Dutch Revolt?

A
89
Q

What was the Genoese Loan?

A
90
Q

What was Elizabeth trying to achieve with the Genoese Loan?

A
91
Q

Why did the Catholic threat intensify in 1568-69?

A
92
Q

Why was the Ctholic threat not serious until 1569?

A
93
Q

Why did Elizabeth intervene to help protestants in France but not in the Netherlands?

A
94
Q

Explain how developments in England and the Netherlands combined during the 1560s to change Englands relationship with Spain

A
95
Q

What was the treaty of Edinburgh

A
96
Q

What happened that forced Mary to abdicate the throne and to flea to England?

A
97
Q

What were Elizabeth’s option when Mary came to England

A
98
Q

Was Mary found guilty or not guilty of murdering her husband? What happened?

A
99
Q

Why not make Mary the heir? (Page 34, extend your knowledge box)

A
100
Q

Explain how changes in Scotland and France causes problems for Elizabeth?

A
101
Q

Explain why there was no ideal solution to the Mary problem for Elizabeth, including holding her in captivity in england.

A

Elizabethan England (3 decks)

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