Queen, Government and Religion, 1558 - 1569 Flashcards
Who were Elizabeth’s key supporters?
William Cecil,
Francis Walsingham,
Robert Dudley
Who was William Cecil?
Chief councillor and surveyor
Who was Francis Walsingham?
Principal Secretary
Main spymaster
Who was Robert Dudley?
Close friend and suitor for the queen’s hand
Who were Elizabeth’s key enemies?
King Phillip II of Spain
Mary Queen of Scots
Who was Phillip II of Spain?
The king of Spain
Who was Mary Queen of Scots?
Cousin of Elizabeth
Next in line for the throne
State three problems inherrited by Elizabeth
Increased levels of poverty
religious turmoil
Debt and land loss
Define “Nobility”
Landowners who have large amounts of wealth
Define “Gentry”
Very similar to The Nobility, but slightly less important/wealthy
Define “Yoemen”
Very wealthy farmers
Put into the order of hierarchy and state whether they are rural or town: Homeless vagrants Tenant farmers Yeomen Nobility Landless labourers Gentry
Rural: Nobility Gentry Yeomen Tenant farmers Landless labourers Homeless vagrants
What was the role of the ‘Court’?
They entertained and advised the monarch
What was the role of the ‘Privvy Council’?
They were the queen’s inner circle, who made sure that her decisions were made final
What was the role of the ‘Parliament’?
To set taxes
To give advice to the monarch
What was the role of the ‘Justice of the peace’?
To make sure all economic and social policies were carried out
What was the role of the ‘Lord’s lieutenant’?
In charge of the military
Define ‘Privvy Council’
A body of advisors appointed by a sovereign (king/queen)
What did Elizabeth do in regards to choosing her ‘Privvy Council’?
She chose people from a wide range of statuses.
Kept some of Mary’s Catholic advisors, but added some new people.
Give 3 facts about Spain at the time
Catholic country
The most powerful/wealthy country in Europe
Committed to preventing the spread of Protestantism
Give 3 facts about France at the time
Had a direct interest in the English crown
Catholic country
At war with England and Spain in the 16th century
Give 2 facts about Scotland at the time
When Elizabeth became Queen, Mary Queen of Scots ruled Scotland
The strong link between Spain and France was a problem for Elizabeth
What were Elizabeth’s finances like in 1558?
Not good, she owed approx. £300,000 to different people/countries!
Define ‘Heresy’
A crime for expressing a belief that does not agree with the official religion.
Define ‘Martyr’
A person who dies for their beliefs and is celebrated
Who criticised the corruption of the Catholic Church in the 16th Century and started a protest of switching to Protestantism?
Martin Lather (German man)
Give some differences between the Catholic and Protestant Churches.
Catholics =
Heavily decorated churches (stained glass etc…)
Priests to wear vestments (religious robes) to signify a higher importance
Services and prayer books in Latin
Protestants =
Very plain churches (plain white etc…)
Priests to wear normal clothing to signify that everyone is equal
Services and prayer books in England so more people can understand.
Define Elizabeth’s ‘Religious Settlement’
Where Elizabeth tried to provide a ‘middle way’ between both religions Catholicism and Protestantism to please the most amount of people
Give some ways in which Elizabeth showed a ‘middle way’ approach to religion
The queen would be supported by Bishops
Queen = “Supreme Governor” of the church of England
There would be a common book of prayer so all could understand
When was the ‘Act of Supremacy’ and what did it do?
1559
Restored the legal position of the crown in relation to the Church.
It gave the Crown authority to act in matters relating to the Church
When was the ‘Act of Uniformity’ and what did it do?
1559
It restored a single form of worship by providing a book of common prayer and required churches to use a communion table rather than an altar.
When was the ‘Royal Injunctions’ and what did it do?
1559
Required all local officials to adopt a ‘Protestant’ view of forms of worship and practice in parish churches, helped implement the ‘Act of Uniformity’
State two features of the ‘Religious settlement’
The ‘Act of uniformity’
The ‘Act of Supremacy’
Who were Elizabeth’s main 4 threats?
1) English Catholics
2) Mary Queen of Scots
3) Spain
4) The Dutch revolt
Describe the key features of Walsingham’s spy network
1) He employed a network of spies and agents
2) Interrogation and torture
Put into the order of hierarchy and state whether they are rural or town: Merchants Unskilled workers Business owners Skilled craftsmen Professionals
Town: Merchants Professionals Business owners Skilled craftsmen Unskilled workers
