Queen, Government and Religion, 1558 - 1569

Question 1

Who were Elizabeth’s key supporters?

Answer 1

William Cecil,
Francis Walsingham,
Robert Dudley

Question 2

Who was William Cecil?

Answer 2

Chief councillor and surveyor

Question 3

Who was Francis Walsingham?

Answer 3

Principal Secretary

Main spymaster

Question 4

Who was Robert Dudley?

Answer 4

Close friend and suitor for the queen’s hand

Question 5

Who were Elizabeth’s key enemies?

Answer 5

King Phillip II of Spain

Mary Queen of Scots

Question 6

Who was Phillip II of Spain?

Answer 6

The king of Spain

Question 7

Who was Mary Queen of Scots?

Answer 7

Cousin of Elizabeth

Next in line for the throne

Question 8

State three problems inherrited by Elizabeth

Answer 8

Increased levels of poverty
religious turmoil
Debt and land loss

Question 9

Define “Nobility”

Answer 9

Landowners who have large amounts of wealth

Question 10

Define “Gentry”

Answer 10

Very similar to The Nobility, but slightly less important/wealthy

Question 11

Define “Yoemen”

Answer 11

Very wealthy farmers

Question 12

Put into the order of hierarchy and state whether they are rural or town:
Homeless vagrants
Tenant farmers
Yeomen
Nobility
Landless labourers
Gentry

Answer 12

Rural:
Nobility
Gentry
Yeomen
Tenant farmers
Landless labourers
Homeless vagrants

Question 13

What was the role of the ‘Court’?

Answer 13

They entertained and advised the monarch

Question 14

What was the role of the ‘Privvy Council’?

Answer 14

They were the queen’s inner circle, who made sure that her decisions were made final

Question 15

What was the role of the ‘Parliament’?

Answer 15

To set taxes

To give advice to the monarch

Question 16

What was the role of the ‘Justice of the peace’?

Answer 16

To make sure all economic and social policies were carried out

Question 17

What was the role of the ‘Lord’s lieutenant’?

Answer 17

In charge of the military

Question 18

Define ‘Privvy Council’

Answer 18

A body of advisors appointed by a sovereign (king/queen)

Question 19

What did Elizabeth do in regards to choosing her ‘Privvy Council’?

Answer 19

She chose people from a wide range of statuses.

Kept some of Mary’s Catholic advisors, but added some new people.

Question 20

Give 3 facts about Spain at the time

Answer 20

Catholic country
The most powerful/wealthy country in Europe
Committed to preventing the spread of Protestantism

Question 21

Give 3 facts about France at the time

Answer 21

Had a direct interest in the English crown
Catholic country
At war with England and Spain in the 16th century

Question 22

Give 2 facts about Scotland at the time

Answer 22

When Elizabeth became Queen, Mary Queen of Scots ruled Scotland
The strong link between Spain and France was a problem for Elizabeth

Question 23

What were Elizabeth’s finances like in 1558?

Answer 23

Not good, she owed approx. £300,000 to different people/countries!

Question 24

Define ‘Heresy’

Answer 24

A crime for expressing a belief that does not agree with the official religion.

Question 25

Define ‘Martyr’

Answer 25

A person who dies for their beliefs and is celebrated

Question 26

Who criticised the corruption of the Catholic Church in the 16th Century and started a protest of switching to Protestantism?

Answer 26

Martin Lather (German man)

Question 27

Give some differences between the Catholic and Protestant Churches.

Answer 27

Catholics =
Heavily decorated churches (stained glass etc…)
Priests to wear vestments (religious robes) to signify a higher importance
Services and prayer books in Latin

Protestants =
Very plain churches (plain white etc…)
Priests to wear normal clothing to signify that everyone is equal
Services and prayer books in England so more people can understand.

Question 28

Define Elizabeth’s ‘Religious Settlement’

Answer 28

Where Elizabeth tried to provide a ‘middle way’ between both religions Catholicism and Protestantism to please the most amount of people

Question 29

Give some ways in which Elizabeth showed a ‘middle way’ approach to religion

Answer 29

The queen would be supported by Bishops
Queen = “Supreme Governor” of the church of England
There would be a common book of prayer so all could understand

Question 30

When was the ‘Act of Supremacy’ and what did it do?

Answer 30

1559
Restored the legal position of the crown in relation to the Church.
It gave the Crown authority to act in matters relating to the Church

Question 31

When was the ‘Act of Uniformity’ and what did it do?

Answer 31

1559
It restored a single form of worship by providing a book of common prayer and required churches to use a communion table rather than an altar.

Question 32

When was the ‘Royal Injunctions’ and what did it do?

Answer 32

1559
Required all local officials to adopt a ‘Protestant’ view of forms of worship and practice in parish churches, helped implement the ‘Act of Uniformity’

Question 33

State two features of the ‘Religious settlement’

Answer 33

The ‘Act of uniformity’

The ‘Act of Supremacy’

Question 34

Who were Elizabeth’s main 4 threats?

Answer 34

1) English Catholics
2) Mary Queen of Scots
3) Spain
4) The Dutch revolt

Question 35

Describe the key features of Walsingham’s spy network

Answer 35

1) He employed a network of spies and agents

2) Interrogation and torture

Question 36

Put into the order of hierarchy and state whether they are rural or town:
Merchants
Unskilled workers
Business owners
Skilled craftsmen
Professionals

Answer 36

Town:
Merchants
Professionals
Business owners
Skilled craftsmen
Unskilled workers