Challenges at Home and Abroad, 1569, 1588

Question 1

State the 3 aims of The Northen Rebellion

Answer 1

1) Restore the Catholic faith
2) Restore the political power of the Northern Nobility (nobles)
3) Remove evil councillors influencing the Queen away from the true faith (Catholicism)

Question 2

What year was the Northen Rebellion?

Answer 2

1569

Question 3

Who ran the Northen Rebellion?

Answer 3

The Earls of Westmoreland and Northumberland

Question 4

How much of a threat was the Northen Rebellion?

Why?

Answer 4

Not threatening at all, they had weak aims and little foreign support

Question 5

State three effects of the Northen Rebellion

Answer 5

1) 700 people were executed for taking part - showing Elizabeth was possible frightened
2) Prompted harsher treatment of Catholics in England
3) The Pope excommunicated Elizabeth

Question 6

What year was the Ridolfi plot?

Answer 6

1571

Question 7

Who led the Ridolfi plot?

Answer 7

Roberto Ridolfi

Question 8

State the 4 aims of the Ridolfi plot

Answer 8

1) Murder Elizabeth I
2) Launch a Spanish invasion
3) Put Mary Queen of Scot’s on the throne of England
4) Marry the Duke of Norfolk (a leading Catholic noble) to Mary

Question 9

Who was Roberto Ridolfi?

Answer 9

A spy for the Pope

Question 10

Who uncovered the Ridolfi plot and proved that Norfolk was guilty of treason?

Answer 10

William Cecil and Francis Walsingham

Question 11

How much of a threat was the Ridolfi plot?

Why?

Answer 11

A slight threat –>
It came soon after the 1750 Papal Bull excommunicating Elizabeth
The threat from Spain was serious

Question 12

Give one effect of the Ridolfi Plot

Answer 12

Elizabeth had to be harsher to Catholics because of a French massacre of Protestants in 1572 - leading to fear of a Catholic invasion.

Question 13

What year was the Throckmorton Plot?

Answer 13

1583

Question 14

Who led the Throckmorton Plot?

Answer 14

Francis Throckmorton, a young Englishman

Question 15

What were the 3 aims of the Throckmorton Plot?

Answer 15

1) Invade England
2) Overthrow Elizabeth
3) Restore Catholicism

Question 16

Who uncovered the Throckmorton plot?

Answer 16

Francis Walsingham

Question 17

Give 3 effects of the Throckmorton Plot

Answer 17

1) It emphasized the threat from abroad
2) Dutch leader, William of Orange, was executed
3) Helping Catholic priests = DEATH PENALTY!!!

Question 18

What did the Pope do from 1574 and why?

Answer 18

He smuggled Priests into England to try and strengthen Catholic resistance to Protestantism

Question 19

How did Elizabeth respond to rising dangers in 1581?

[2 points]

Answer 19

In 1581, she passed two laws against Catholics:

1) Recusants (People who refuse to convert to Protestantism) would be fined £20 - bankrupting most families
2) Attempting to convert people to Catholicism was TREASON!!!

Question 20

What year was the Babington Plot?

Answer 20

1586

Question 21

Who led the Babington Plot?

Answer 21

Anthony Babington

Question 22

State the 3 aims of the Babington Plot

Answer 22

1) Murder Elizabeth I
2) Encouraged English Catholics to rebel
3) The Duke of Guise would invade with 60,000 troops; putting Mary on the throne

Question 23

Who intercepted the Babington plot?

Answer 23

Walsingham’s spy team - they found Babington’s letters to Mary hidden in the beer barrels, then cracked the codes.

Question 24

Who supported the Babington Plot?

Answer 24

Philip II and the Pope

Question 25

How serious was the Babington plot?

Answer 25

VERY SIGNIFICANT
England is now fully at war with Spain!
Government is determined to crush Catholicism
Mary is Executed!!!

Question 26

State the 4 causes of the Spanish Armada

Answer 26

1) Religion
2) Trade and commercial rivalry
3) Political rivalry
4) The Netherlands

Question 27

How did Religion increase the chance of the Spanish Armada?

Answer 27

King Phillip II of Spain wanted to convert all countries to Catholicism - Elizabeth didn’t like this

Question 28

How did Trade and commercial rivalry increase the chance of the Spanish Armada?

Answer 28

England clashed with Spain in the ‘New World’ by attacking Spanish treasure fleet. This was illegal, and therefore piracy

Question 29

How did Political rivalry increase the chance of the Spanish Armada?

Answer 29

Spain = very powerful & wealthy country

Phillip II didn’t want any country to challenge Spain’s Catholic influence

Question 30

How did The Netherlands increase the chance of the Spanish Armada?

Answer 30

There was an on-going issue of Protestants in the Netherland’s from 1572.
Phillip II sent a huge Spanish army against them; Elizabeth then sent support against Spain

Question 31

What was the ‘trigger point’ for the Spanish Armada?

Answer 31

The Netherlands.

Question 32

Describe Phillip (II’s) plan.

Answer 32

1) Build ships, guns, and gather soldiers
2) “I will sail to the Netherland’s, pick up Parma and soldiers. Then to Kent, then London”.
3) Once in England, kill Elizabeth and restore Catholicism!!!

Question 33

Both Spain and England believed ________ was helping them

Answer 33

God

Question 34

Give 6 main reasons why Spain lost the Armada

Answer 34

1) Their ships and supplies = BAD
2) Bad communication
3) Superior English ships
4) Good tactics by English
5) Elizabeth listened to Expert advise = NICE!
6) Fire ships and weather

Question 35

Why were Spain’s ships and supplies bad?

Answer 35

Their guns were too big and cumbersome for their ships
Limited ammo
Relied on resources from the Netherlands - not independent

Question 36

Why did Spain have bad communication?

Answer 36

Because of water being slow for mail, communication was extremely slow - bad! aha

Question 37

Why were England’s ships superior?

Answer 37

1) Cannon’s were more efficient
2) They could be fired in quick succession
3) John Hawkins’ (Naval advisor) advise to be quick and nimble was correct.

Question 38

Give some points about why England had good tactics (Spanish Armada)

Answer 38

1) The shape of the channel (narrow) meant that the English had an advantage
2) English ships = more manoeuvrable = quicker
3) Spanish wanted to mount by the IOW (Isle of White), but the English chased them ;p

Question 39

Who did Elizabeth listen to in terms of advice for the armada?

Answer 39

Elizabeth listened to Hawkins, Drake and Nottingham

Question 40

Why were fire ships an important tactic for the English during the Armada?

Answer 40

Spanish ships sailed in a crescent formation, so England put burning - un-manned ships into the middle to scatter them and break up their tactics.

Question 41

Why was the weather an important factor in why Spain lost the Armada?

Answer 41

The weather scattered them, so they broke up over Scotland. Many ships were wrecked by storms.

Question 42

In what year did Drake attack the Spanish port of Cadiz?

Answer 42

1587

Question 43

What did Drake describe his raid on Cadiz as?

What did this mean?

Answer 43

“Singeing the King of Spain’s beard’
He meant that he had inflicted temporary damage on King Phillip’s Armada, but hadn’t destroyed it entirely - it would ‘grow back’ in time.

Question 44

In what year was the Treaty of Nonsuch?

Answer 44

1585

Question 45

Why was Drake’s raid on Cadiz a serious setback for the Spanish Armada?

Answer 45

1) Obtaining fresh supplies and weapons was very expensive - seriously strained their finances
2) during his raids, Drake captured more than 1000 tons of planks made from seasoned wood, which were needed to make the barrels to carry food and water. As a result, the Spanish had to make their barrels from un-seasoned wood, which couldn’t preserve food and water very well
3) All of these points caused problems for food and water supplies and affected the morale of Spanish troops.