Challenges at Home and Abroad, 1569, 1588 Flashcards
State the 3 aims of The Northen Rebellion
1) Restore the Catholic faith
2) Restore the political power of the Northern Nobility (nobles)
3) Remove evil councillors influencing the Queen away from the true faith (Catholicism)
What year was the Northen Rebellion?
1569
Who ran the Northen Rebellion?
The Earls of Westmoreland and Northumberland
How much of a threat was the Northen Rebellion?
Why?
Not threatening at all, they had weak aims and little foreign support
State three effects of the Northen Rebellion
1) 700 people were executed for taking part - showing Elizabeth was possible frightened
2) Prompted harsher treatment of Catholics in England
3) The Pope excommunicated Elizabeth
What year was the Ridolfi plot?
1571
Who led the Ridolfi plot?
Roberto Ridolfi
State the 4 aims of the Ridolfi plot
1) Murder Elizabeth I
2) Launch a Spanish invasion
3) Put Mary Queen of Scot’s on the throne of England
4) Marry the Duke of Norfolk (a leading Catholic noble) to Mary
Who was Roberto Ridolfi?
A spy for the Pope
Who uncovered the Ridolfi plot and proved that Norfolk was guilty of treason?
William Cecil and Francis Walsingham
How much of a threat was the Ridolfi plot?
Why?
A slight threat –>
It came soon after the 1750 Papal Bull excommunicating Elizabeth
The threat from Spain was serious
Give one effect of the Ridolfi Plot
Elizabeth had to be harsher to Catholics because of a French massacre of Protestants in 1572 - leading to fear of a Catholic invasion.
What year was the Throckmorton Plot?
1583
Who led the Throckmorton Plot?
Francis Throckmorton, a young Englishman
What were the 3 aims of the Throckmorton Plot?
1) Invade England
2) Overthrow Elizabeth
3) Restore Catholicism
Who uncovered the Throckmorton plot?
Francis Walsingham
Give 3 effects of the Throckmorton Plot
1) It emphasized the threat from abroad
2) Dutch leader, William of Orange, was executed
3) Helping Catholic priests = DEATH PENALTY!!!
What did the Pope do from 1574 and why?
He smuggled Priests into England to try and strengthen Catholic resistance to Protestantism
How did Elizabeth respond to rising dangers in 1581?
[2 points]
In 1581, she passed two laws against Catholics:
1) Recusants (People who refuse to convert to Protestantism) would be fined £20 - bankrupting most families
2) Attempting to convert people to Catholicism was TREASON!!!
What year was the Babington Plot?
1586
Who led the Babington Plot?
Anthony Babington
State the 3 aims of the Babington Plot
1) Murder Elizabeth I
2) Encouraged English Catholics to rebel
3) The Duke of Guise would invade with 60,000 troops; putting Mary on the throne
Who intercepted the Babington plot?
Walsingham’s spy team - they found Babington’s letters to Mary hidden in the beer barrels, then cracked the codes.
Who supported the Babington Plot?
Philip II and the Pope
How serious was the Babington plot?
VERY SIGNIFICANT
England is now fully at war with Spain!
Government is determined to crush Catholicism
Mary is Executed!!!
State the 4 causes of the Spanish Armada
1) Religion
2) Trade and commercial rivalry
3) Political rivalry
4) The Netherlands
How did Religion increase the chance of the Spanish Armada?
King Phillip II of Spain wanted to convert all countries to Catholicism - Elizabeth didn’t like this
How did Trade and commercial rivalry increase the chance of the Spanish Armada?
England clashed with Spain in the ‘New World’ by attacking Spanish treasure fleet. This was illegal, and therefore piracy
How did Political rivalry increase the chance of the Spanish Armada?
Spain = very powerful & wealthy country
Phillip II didn’t want any country to challenge Spain’s Catholic influence
How did The Netherlands increase the chance of the Spanish Armada?
There was an on-going issue of Protestants in the Netherland’s from 1572.
Phillip II sent a huge Spanish army against them; Elizabeth then sent support against Spain
What was the ‘trigger point’ for the Spanish Armada?
The Netherlands.
Describe Phillip (II’s) plan.
1) Build ships, guns, and gather soldiers
2) “I will sail to the Netherland’s, pick up Parma and soldiers. Then to Kent, then London”.
3) Once in England, kill Elizabeth and restore Catholicism!!!
Both Spain and England believed ________ was helping them
God
Give 6 main reasons why Spain lost the Armada
1) Their ships and supplies = BAD
2) Bad communication
3) Superior English ships
4) Good tactics by English
5) Elizabeth listened to Expert advise = NICE!
6) Fire ships and weather
Why were Spain’s ships and supplies bad?
Their guns were too big and cumbersome for their ships
Limited ammo
Relied on resources from the Netherlands - not independent
Why did Spain have bad communication?
Because of water being slow for mail, communication was extremely slow - bad! aha
Why were England’s ships superior?
1) Cannon’s were more efficient
2) They could be fired in quick succession
3) John Hawkins’ (Naval advisor) advise to be quick and nimble was correct.
Give some points about why England had good tactics (Spanish Armada)
1) The shape of the channel (narrow) meant that the English had an advantage
2) English ships = more manoeuvrable = quicker
3) Spanish wanted to mount by the IOW (Isle of White), but the English chased them ;p
Who did Elizabeth listen to in terms of advice for the armada?
Elizabeth listened to Hawkins, Drake and Nottingham
Why were fire ships an important tactic for the English during the Armada?
Spanish ships sailed in a crescent formation, so England put burning - un-manned ships into the middle to scatter them and break up their tactics.
Why was the weather an important factor in why Spain lost the Armada?
The weather scattered them, so they broke up over Scotland. Many ships were wrecked by storms.
In what year did Drake attack the Spanish port of Cadiz?
1587
What did Drake describe his raid on Cadiz as?
What did this mean?
“Singeing the King of Spain’s beard’
He meant that he had inflicted temporary damage on King Phillip’s Armada, but hadn’t destroyed it entirely - it would ‘grow back’ in time.
In what year was the Treaty of Nonsuch?
1585
Why was Drake’s raid on Cadiz a serious setback for the Spanish Armada?
1) Obtaining fresh supplies and weapons was very expensive - seriously strained their finances
2) during his raids, Drake captured more than 1000 tons of planks made from seasoned wood, which were needed to make the barrels to carry food and water. As a result, the Spanish had to make their barrels from un-seasoned wood, which couldn’t preserve food and water very well
3) All of these points caused problems for food and water supplies and affected the morale of Spanish troops.
