Quebec Flashcards
How much of Canada’s population does Quebec make up?
23%
Is Quebec growing or shrinking economically?
Shrinking
What % of Quebec people speak French as their native language?
~83%
When was the first European settlement of Quebec? Who was the first settler?
Samuel de Champlain in 1608. Québec City!
What 4 physiographic regions cover Québec?
Hudson Bay Lowlands
The Canadian Shield
Appalachian Uplands
Great Lakes/ St. Lawrence Lowlands
What are the four climactic zones in Québec?
Arctic, Subarctic, Atlantic, Great Lakes-St. Lawrence
What was the first economy/resource exploited in “New France”
Fur-trade.
When did the Quebec Act happen? What did it do?
- It gave the French Canadians complete religious freedom and restored the French form of civil law.
When and who started the agricultural aspect of New France?
Jean Talon, after he first arrived in 1665.
What was the “Seigneurial system”
Huge tracts of land in New France that were granted to those who were favoured by King Louis XIV. The land had to be cultivated, and the seigneurs tenants had to pay yearly dues, do road maintenance, and pay rent to use the Seigneur’s grinding mill and bake ovens.
How many Seigneurs were there in 1760?
~200
When was the Seigneurial system abolished?
1854
When did the Treaty of Paris occur and what did it mean?
The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. In the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there.
When did the Act of Union occur?
1840, creating the Province of Canada. English was declared the official language
What did the confederation of Canada mean for Quebec?
Protection of the French language and Roman Catholicism were seen as protected by Ottawa
Economic stability and union between New Brunswick and Ontario
An increase in geographic size
When did the “Quiet Revolution” begin? What caused it?
It began in 1960, with Jean Lesage’s government being elected. It was a dramatic transformation in government.
Which sector most Quebecois work in?
Tertiary, at ~80%
What is Québec current leading export?
Aircraft and aircraft parts
When was James Bay project announced? What river basins does it target?
1971;
Nottaway
La Grande
Great Whale
Which two indigneous groups joined to to take legal action against the building of James Bay project?
Inuit + Cree
What are the main economic pursuits in the hinterland of Quebec?
Forestry and Mining
What is meant by “The Revenge of the Cradle”?
La Revanche du berceau (“the revenge of the cradle”) is a term for demographic threat via high birth-rates among a minority, specifically associated with French Canadians.
The phrase originated in Quebec before the First World War, according to John Robert Colombo’s “Colombo’s Canadian References.”[1] It suggested that although Anglo-Canadians dominated Canada in the 19th century, the higher birth rate in Quebec promised that French-Canadians would resist British immigration and discrimination.
Why is Montreal not growing economically as well as Toronto?
Older infrastructure, which slows down manufacturing.
Manufacturing-based economy is in decline
Toronto has more of an “external” demand for it’s wholesale service industries
What are the current hydroelectric projects in Quebec?
La Grande, Manic, Churchill Falls, Beauharnois, Ottawa River, Abitibi Canyon (Ontario)
What are the proposed hydroelectric developments?
Lower Churchill (Labrador), Nottaway, Great Whale River/ St. James Bay project
List the chronological historical milestones for British colonies in lower canada that occured in the 18th and 19th centuries.
1763 - Treaty of Paris (Awards New France to Britain)
1774 - Quebec Act (recognizes that Quebec has special rights such as french language, catholic religion, french civil law)
1791 - Constitutional Act (Creates Upper Canada and Lower Canada)
1841 - Act of Union (Rejoins Canada into a single colony and renders English as the official language)
