Atlantic Canada Flashcards
Which natural resources have lost their importance over time?
Cod, Coal, and Timber
What is the annual growth rate of Atlantic Canada?
Less than 1%
How much of Canada’s population does Atlantic Canada contain?
6.6%
What is the population of Atlantic Canada?
2.4 Million
How much of Canada’s population did Atlantic Canada contain in 1871?
20%
How many people do the six urban centres of Atlantic Canada contain?
~1.1 Million people, or 46% of Atlantic Canada’s population
What are the 6 urban centres of Atlantic Canada?
Halifax
St. John’s
Saint John
Moncton
Fredericton
Charlottetown
What are the two physiographic regions found in Atlantic Canada?
The Appalachian Uplands
The Canadian Shield
What are the 3 major environmental challenges with disastrous consequences that Atlantic Canada has faced?
Hydroelectric projects and their effect on traditional lands. Accompanied by possible mercury poisoning of fish and wildlife
The Sydney tar ponds
The collapse of the Cod Fishery
Why did French colonies prefer to settle initially in the Maritime lands?
They were better for agriculture in the 17th century
What factors led to the collapse of the cod fishery?
Overexploitation
Failure to exert power and regulations beyond Canada’s maritime border
Bottom-dragging nets, which are environmentally disastrous, yet cost-efficient. Destroyed ecosystems and spawning biomass
Where was the first European settlement on current day Canadian land?
Port Royal, near Bay of Fundy. French settlers
When did France surrender Acadia to Britain?
1713; under the “Treaty of Utrecht”
When did Britain start colonizing Nova Scotia?
Mid 1700’s
Who did the Acadians have alliance with?
The Mi’kmaq First Nation
What was/when was the Treaty of Paris?
It occured in 1763. It ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. In the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there
What two factors led Scottish and Irish people to immigrate to the Atlantic Canada?
Scottish Highland Clearances
Irish famine
When did timber and shipbuilding become resources for the maritimes?
early 19th Century
What led to greater trade between the Maritimes and New England?
The industrialization of New England after the Civil War
When and why did the trading between New England and the Maritimes stop?
In 1849, after the end of the Reciprocity Treaty. Not long before the confederation of Canada.
What kind of manufacturing was in demand after confederation of Canada, and into the early 20th Century?
The manufacturing of steel, which was needed for making the Intercolonial Railway
What led to a major economic blow for the Maritime economy in 1919?
The government deciding to no longer subsidize freight rates, making immediate access to the national market more difficult. This marked the beginning of the out-migration trend happening in the Maritimes.
When did each province join Confederation?
Nova Scotia: 1867
New Brunswick: 1867
P.E.I.: 1873
Newfoundland: 1949
What are the primary resources of Atlantic Canada?
FIsh, Forests, Minerals, and Petroleum. Looking forward, ocean technology and shipbuilding could become big.
What industries could Atlantic Canada pursue/grow in the future?
Additional Oil and Gas discoveries
Tourism
Recovery of Cod Fishery stocks
Growth of High-Tech industry
Development of Energy Projects
What was the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854?
Reciprocity was an agreement between the United States and Canada, controversial at times on both sides of the border, to mutually reduce import duties and protective tariffs charged on goods exchanged between the countries from 1854 to 1948.
What was the National Policy created by John A. MacDonald?
The National Policy was a central economic and political strategy of the Conservative Party under Prime Minister John A. Macdonald, and many of his successors in high office. It meant that from 1878 until the Second World War, Canada levied high tariffs on foreign imported goods, to shield Canadian manufacturers from American competition.
Approx how many people are employed in the Ontario automotive industry?
~125,000
